Acta Universitatis Danubius. Juridica

The Constitutional Evolution of Romanian Education in 1866-1965 in the Romanian Space

Ion Guceac, Tincuta Vrabie — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The evolution of society in the Romanian space is also important from the perspective of analyzing the constitutional evolution of education during the period 1866-1965. Romanian education has undergone a long and complex constitutional process over a century, marked by cultural, political, and economic interests. From Cuza’s educational reforms, continuing with the assertion of Romanian state sovereignty, through the two wars, and culminating with the establishment of the communist regime, education in the Romanian space has evolved, ensuring educational development and achieving its most significant accomplishments. The gradual nature of the evolution of Romanian education has led to a decrease in illiteracy, a reshaping and development of the architecture of educational logistics, and the professionalization of teaching staff, all under the state’s requirements characteristic of each Constitution adopted between 1866 and 1965. Education within the education system lays the foundation for social cohesion and, implicitly, its development.

Murder cases in the Republic of Kosovo (2020-2024): Classifications, trends and legal framework

Greta Daci — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Murder serves as a critical indicator of social dysfunction, where crime often replaces lawful conflict resolution. This study examines murder cases in the Republic of Kosovo from 2020 to 2024, analysing the patterns that lead to these murders over time. The research further evaluates the system of murder cases while comparing them to the current legal framework. The approach in this research uses a mixed-method approach, which includes interviews with the national police, media reports, police records, a legal framework, and analysis of psychological tendencies followed by offenders or potential offenders. The objective of the research is to understand murder as a pattern of violence and further distinguish between the different types of murders. The findings indicate a decline in completed murders, implying a shift in attempted murder, indicating that the attempted murders are not premeditated but occur impulsively, often in the heat of the moment, during interpersonal conflicts rather than organised planning or criminal enterprise. The study builds on criminological theories of violent crime and legal studies on murder cases in Kosovo, offering a perspective on murders. This study aims to contribute to criminological research and provide policy recommendations in legal and law enforcement responses to such crimes.

International Best Practices and Related Aspects of the Regulation and Supervision of Banks in Zimbabwe

Menelisi Ncube, Howard Chitimira — Sun, 30 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

There are various organisations that provide international best practices and guidelines for the regulation and supervision of banking institutions globally. These best practices and guidelines provide recommendations on how banks should conduct their business to, inter alia, promote deposit insurance and deposit protection for the benefit of all financial consumers. For the purposes of this article, selected international bodies and/or organisations that provide some recommendations to enhance the regulation of banks in Zimbabwe, such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Committee on Payments and Market Infrastructures (CPMI), the International Association of Deposit Insurers (IADI), the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), the Central Bank Governance Forum (CBGF) and the Committee on the Global Financial System (CGFS) are discussed. The bodies provide some recommendations that could be utilised to curb various challenges that affect banks globally. In Zimbabwe, such challenges include the poor assimilation of technology in banks, the lack of adequate staff in banks with the relevant expertise and the lack of sufficient financial resources to effectively enforce banking laws. Accordingly, it is submitted that the relevant authorities should utilise the recommendations that are developed by the stated international bodies to improve the regulation and supervision of banks and related financial institutions in Zimbabwe.