Generation Z Attitude towards Domestic Tourism in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Keywords:
Generation Z; domestic tourism; recreational activities; Kwazulu-Natal; South AfricaAbstract
The purpose of this study is to explore KwaZulu-Natal Generation Z members’ attitude towards domestic tourism in South Africa. The study was conducted in four major towns in KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, namely: Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Richards Bay, and St. Lucia. A structured questionnaire survey of 385 respondents was used to generate data for analysis. Results show that KwaZulu-Natal Generation Z members portray positive attitude towards domestic tourism in South Africa. They are loyal to their destination brand. However, limited funds mostly deter KwaZulu-Natal Generation Z members from getting involved in domestic tourism activities. Results also show that they mostly rely on social media and other forms of technology, to source information pertaining to domestic tourism activity planning and reviewing. This study recommends that competitive pricing of domestic tourism activities (through reduced operational costs and bundle pricing) should be encouraged especially during peak seasons, as majority of Generation Z domestic tourists have difficulties to afford travel costs. Furthermore, the study recommends the creation of intensive and incessant awareness of KwaZulu-Natal domestic tourism sites through numerous platforms such as social media, movies, music videos and also personal referrals, enabling a wider reach to the Generation Z members.
References
African Economic Outlook (2012). Promotion Youth Unemployment. Retrieved from http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org/en/theme/developing-technical-vocational-skills-inafrica/tvsd-in-specific-contexts/youth-unemployment/. Accessed March 6, 2019.
Amaro, S., Duarte, P., & Henriques, C. (2016). Travelers’ use of social media: A clustering approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, pp. 1-15.
Băltescu, C. A. (2019). Elements of Tourism Consumer Behavior of Generation Z. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V, 12(1), pp. 63-68.
Barnes, R. (2018). Gen- Z expert panel the ‘Little Extraordinaires’ to consult for Royal Caribbean. Cruise Trade News. Retrieved from https://www.cruisetradenews.com/gen-z-expert-panel-the-little-extraordinaires-to-consult-for-royal-caribbean/. Accessed July 19, 2019.
Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Pendergast, D. (Eds.). (2010). Tourism and Generation Y. Cambridge: Cabi International.
Berkup, S, B. (2014). Working with generations X and Y in generation Z period: Management of different generations in business life. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(19), pp. 218-229.
Beutell, N. J., & Wittig-Berman, U. (2008). Work-family conflict and work-family synergy for generation X, baby boomers, and matures. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(5), pp. 507-523.
Butler, G., & Richardson, S. (2013). Young Sowetans and Tourism Participation: Identifying Opportunities to Develop Further Engagement with South African National Parks. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 19(3), pp. 309-322.
Carr, N. (2002). A Comparative Analysis of the Behavior of Domestic and International Young Tourists. Tourism Management, 23, pp. 321-325.
Chen, C., & Shoemaker, S. (2014). Age and Cohort effects: The American Senior Tourism Market. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, pp. 58-75.
Chiu, L. K., Ramli, K. I., Yusof, N. S., & Ting, C. S. (2015). Examining Young Malaysians Travel Behaviour and Expenditure Patterns in Domestic Tourism. Asian Social Science, 11(9), pp. 77-88.
Dechane, J., (2014). How to explain the Millennial Generation? Understand the context. Inquires Journal/ Student Pulse, 6(3), pp. 1-3.
Dionysopoulou, P., & Mylonakis, J. (2013). Youth Tourists’ profile and their travel choices as influenced by Social Media Networks. European Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 1(3), pp. 22-35.
Dlomo, N.C. & Ezeuduji, I.O. (2020). Local Residents’ Assessment of South Africa as a Domestic Leisure Travel Destination. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(3), pp. 335-348.
Domestic Tourism Survey (2017). Domestic Tourism Survey. Retrieved from http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03521/P035212017.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2019.
Donaldson, R., & Gatsinzi, J. (2005). Foreign students as tourists: Educational tourism, a market segment with potential. Africa Insight, 35(3), pp. 19–24.
Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., & Scott, N. (2009). Destination and Enterprise Management for a Tourism Future. Tourism Management, 30(1), pp. 63-74.
Dzikiti, L.G. & Leonard, L. (2016). Barriers towards African youth participation in domestic tourism in post-apartheid South Africa: The case of Alexandra Township, Johannesburg. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(3), pp. 1-17.
Economic Development and Growth in Ethekwini (2014). Tourism in EThekwini positioning Durban globally. Issue 8. Retrieved from http://www.durban.gov.za. Accessed September 6, 2019.
Egri, C. P., & Ralston, D. A. (2004). Generation cohorts and personal values: A comparison of China and the United States. Organization science, 15(2), pp. 210-220.
Ezeuduji, I.O., & Dlomo, N.C. (2020a). Residents and Domestic Leisure Travel: Mtubatuba Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. EuroEconomica, 39(1), pp. 84 – 97.
Ezeuduji, I.O., & Dlomo, N.C. (2020b). Push and Pull Factors for Domestic Leisure Travel in Mtubatuba Local Municipality, South Africa. EuroEconomica, 39(2) (Special Issue), pp. 121 – 134.
Ezeuduji, I.O., & Nkosi, G.S. (2017). Tourism destination competitiveness using brand essence: Incorporating the ‘zuluness’ of the Zulu Kingdom. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(1), pp. 1 – 10.
Gardiner, S., King C., & Grace D. (2013). Travel decision making an empirical examination of generational values, attitudes, and intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), pp. 310–324.
George, D. & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 11.0 update (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Ghimire, K. B. (2013). The Native Tourist: Mass Tourism Within Developing Countries. Routledge.
Hair, J. H., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Tatham, R. L. (2005). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hammed, H., & Christine, S. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist experience: tourist stories and use of social networks, Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), pp. 69-79.
Hansen, J. C., & M. E. Leuty, (2012). Work Values Across Generations. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(1), pp. 34 – 52.
Huang, Y. C., & Petrick, J. F. (2010). Generation Y’s travel behaviours: A comparison with baby boomers and generation X. In P. Benchendorff (Ed.), Tourism and Generation Y (27–37). Cambridge, (MA): CAB International.
Lancaster, L. C., & Stillman, D. (2003). When generations collide: Who they are, why they clash, how to solve the generational puzzle at work. New York, NY: Harper Business.
Leask, A., Fyall, A., & Barron, P. (2013). Generation Y: Opportunity or challenge – strategies to engage generation Y in the UK attractions’ sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(1), pp. 17–46.
Lenhart, A. (2015). Teens, social media & technology. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/. Accessed July 29, 2019.
Li, X., Li, X., & Hudson, S. (2013). The application of generational theory to tourism consumer behaviour: An American perspective. Tourism Management, 37, pp. 147-164.
Lianda, G., & Leonard, L. (2016), Barriers towards African youth participation in domestic tourism in post-apartheid South Africa: The case of Alexandra Township, Johannesburg. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(3), pp. 1-17.
Lipowski, M. (2017). The Differences between Generations in Consumer Behaviour in the Service Sales Channel. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio HOeconomia, 51(2), pp. 159-167.
Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic Word-of-Mouth in Hospitality and Tourism Management. Tourism management, 29(3), pp. 458-468.
Maharaj, B., Sucheran, R., & Pillay, V. (2006). Durban—A tourism Mecca? Challenges of the Post-Apartheid Era. Urban forum, 17(3), pp. 262-281.
Martin, A., & Bush, J. (2000). Do Role Models Influence Teenagers Purchase Intentions and Behaviour? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), pp. 441-453.
Mazimhaka, J. (2007). Diversifying Rwanda's Tourism Industry: a role for domestic tourism. Development Southern Africa, 24, pp. 491-504.
Mhlongo, P.S., & Ezeuduji, I.O. (2021). Tourists’ Perspectives on Brand Image and Brand Loyalty of KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of African Films, Diaspora Studies, Performance Arts and Communication Studies (JAFDIS), 4(2), pp. 99-123.
Mignon, J.-M. (2003). Le tourisme des jeunes. Une valeur sûre, dans Cahier Espaces, No. 77
Monaco, S. (2018). Tourism and the new generations: emerging trends and social implications in Italy. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), pp. 7-15.
Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (2005). Is it age or IT: First steps toward Understanding the Net Generation. Educating the Next generation, 2(1-2), pp. 12-31.
Ozkan, M., & Solmaz, B. (2015). Mobile addiction of generation z and its effects on their social lifes: An application among university students in the 18-23 age group. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 205, pp. 92-98.
Palmore, E. (1978). When can age, period, and cohort be separated? Social Forces, 57(1), pp. 282-295.
Parry, E., & Urwin L. P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), pp. 79-96.
Prayag, G., & Hosany, S. (2014). When Middle East meets West: Understanding the motives and perceptions of young tourists from United Arab Emirates. Tourism Management, 40, pp. 35-45.
Read, A., & Truelove, C. (2018). The incoming tide of Generation Z. AMA Quarterly, 4(10), pp. 43-46
Reeves, T., & Oh, E. (2008). Generational differences. In M. Spector, M. Merrill, J. van Merrienboer, & M. Driscoll (Eds.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (3rd ed.,
pp. 295–303). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Robbins, G. (2017). Tourism - The Potential. In: The Visitor Economy and Tourism in Ethekwini. 18th Issue, February 2017. Economic Development and Growth in Ethekwini (EDGE)., http://www.durban.gov.za/resource_centre/edge/documents/edge_18thissue-final.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2020.
Robinson, V. M. (2019). A New Face of Tourism: Understanding Travel Experiences of New Zealand Inbound Generation Z. PhD Dissertation., New Zealand: Auckland University of Technology.
Rogerson, C.M., & Zoleka, L. (2005). ‘Sho’t Left’: Changing Domestic Tourism in South Africa. Urban Forum,16(2-3), pp. 88-111.
Rogerson, C. M. (2007). Backpacker tourism in South Africa: Challenges and strategic opportunities. South African Geographical Journal, 89(2), pp. 161-171.
Rogerson, C.M. (2011). From Liquor to Leisure: The Changing South African Hotel Industry 1928-1968. Urban Forum, 22, pp. 379-394.
Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for development: Empowering communities. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
Sigala, M. (2010). Web 2.0, social marketing strategies and distribution channels for city destinations: Enhancing the participatory role of travelers and exploiting their collective intelligence. In Web Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, pp. 1249-1273. IGI Global.
Singh, A. (2014). Challenges and issues of generation Z. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(7), pp. 59-63.
South Africa Tourism (2021). Sho't Left. Retrieved from https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/category/shot-left. Accessed August 13, 2021.
Southan, J. (2017, May 19). From Boomers to Gen Z: Travel Trends Across the Generations. Globe Trender Magazine, Retrieved from https://globetrender.com/2017/05/19/travel-trends-across-generations/. Accessed July 19, 2019.
Strauss, W. & Howe, N. (1997). An American prophecy: The fourth turning. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
Strauss, W., & Howe, N. (2009). The fourth turning: What the cycles of history tell us about America's next rendezvous with destiny. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press Crown Publishing Group.
Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: the rise of the Net Generation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Tourism KwaZulu-Natal (2009). KwaZulu-Natal tourism authority annual report, Tourism statistics 2008/2009. Retrieved from https://www.zulukindom.gov.za/. Accessed September 3, 2019.
Tourism KwaZulu-Natal (2013). A Developer’s Guide to investing in Tourism Projects in KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://www.zulukindom.gov.za/. Accessed September 6, 2019.
Tussyadiah, I. P., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Mediating tourist experiences: Access to places via shared videos. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(1), pp. 24-40.
Veal, A.J. (2011). Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism: A Practical Guide (4th Ed.). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., Yeh, Y. C., & Tsai, C. W. (2004). Who is the decision-maker: the parents or the child in group package tours? Tourism management, 25(2), pp. 183-194.
World Bank (2014). World development indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/country/turkey. Accessed May 6, 2019.
Amaro, S., Duarte, P., & Henriques, C. (2016). Travelers’ use of social media: A clustering approach. Annals of Tourism Research, 59, pp. 1-15.
Băltescu, C. A. (2019). Elements of Tourism Consumer Behavior of Generation Z. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Economic Sciences. Series V, 12(1), pp. 63-68.
Barnes, R. (2018). Gen- Z expert panel the ‘Little Extraordinaires’ to consult for Royal Caribbean. Cruise Trade News. Retrieved from https://www.cruisetradenews.com/gen-z-expert-panel-the-little-extraordinaires-to-consult-for-royal-caribbean/. Accessed July 19, 2019.
Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Pendergast, D. (Eds.). (2010). Tourism and Generation Y. Cambridge: Cabi International.
Berkup, S, B. (2014). Working with generations X and Y in generation Z period: Management of different generations in business life. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(19), pp. 218-229.
Beutell, N. J., & Wittig-Berman, U. (2008). Work-family conflict and work-family synergy for generation X, baby boomers, and matures. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(5), pp. 507-523.
Butler, G., & Richardson, S. (2013). Young Sowetans and Tourism Participation: Identifying Opportunities to Develop Further Engagement with South African National Parks. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 19(3), pp. 309-322.
Carr, N. (2002). A Comparative Analysis of the Behavior of Domestic and International Young Tourists. Tourism Management, 23, pp. 321-325.
Chen, C., & Shoemaker, S. (2014). Age and Cohort effects: The American Senior Tourism Market. Annals of Tourism Research, 48, pp. 58-75.
Chiu, L. K., Ramli, K. I., Yusof, N. S., & Ting, C. S. (2015). Examining Young Malaysians Travel Behaviour and Expenditure Patterns in Domestic Tourism. Asian Social Science, 11(9), pp. 77-88.
Dechane, J., (2014). How to explain the Millennial Generation? Understand the context. Inquires Journal/ Student Pulse, 6(3), pp. 1-3.
Dionysopoulou, P., & Mylonakis, J. (2013). Youth Tourists’ profile and their travel choices as influenced by Social Media Networks. European Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 1(3), pp. 22-35.
Dlomo, N.C. & Ezeuduji, I.O. (2020). Local Residents’ Assessment of South Africa as a Domestic Leisure Travel Destination. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 9(3), pp. 335-348.
Domestic Tourism Survey (2017). Domestic Tourism Survey. Retrieved from http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P03521/P035212017.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2019.
Donaldson, R., & Gatsinzi, J. (2005). Foreign students as tourists: Educational tourism, a market segment with potential. Africa Insight, 35(3), pp. 19–24.
Dwyer, L., Edwards, D., Mistilis, N., Roman, C., & Scott, N. (2009). Destination and Enterprise Management for a Tourism Future. Tourism Management, 30(1), pp. 63-74.
Dzikiti, L.G. & Leonard, L. (2016). Barriers towards African youth participation in domestic tourism in post-apartheid South Africa: The case of Alexandra Township, Johannesburg. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(3), pp. 1-17.
Economic Development and Growth in Ethekwini (2014). Tourism in EThekwini positioning Durban globally. Issue 8. Retrieved from http://www.durban.gov.za. Accessed September 6, 2019.
Egri, C. P., & Ralston, D. A. (2004). Generation cohorts and personal values: A comparison of China and the United States. Organization science, 15(2), pp. 210-220.
Ezeuduji, I.O., & Dlomo, N.C. (2020a). Residents and Domestic Leisure Travel: Mtubatuba Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. EuroEconomica, 39(1), pp. 84 – 97.
Ezeuduji, I.O., & Dlomo, N.C. (2020b). Push and Pull Factors for Domestic Leisure Travel in Mtubatuba Local Municipality, South Africa. EuroEconomica, 39(2) (Special Issue), pp. 121 – 134.
Ezeuduji, I.O., & Nkosi, G.S. (2017). Tourism destination competitiveness using brand essence: Incorporating the ‘zuluness’ of the Zulu Kingdom. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(1), pp. 1 – 10.
Gardiner, S., King C., & Grace D. (2013). Travel decision making an empirical examination of generational values, attitudes, and intentions. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), pp. 310–324.
George, D. & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 11.0 update (4th Ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Ghimire, K. B. (2013). The Native Tourist: Mass Tourism Within Developing Countries. Routledge.
Hair, J. H., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Tatham, R. L. (2005). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Hammed, H., & Christine, S. (2018). Generation Z and the tourist experience: tourist stories and use of social networks, Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), pp. 69-79.
Hansen, J. C., & M. E. Leuty, (2012). Work Values Across Generations. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(1), pp. 34 – 52.
Huang, Y. C., & Petrick, J. F. (2010). Generation Y’s travel behaviours: A comparison with baby boomers and generation X. In P. Benchendorff (Ed.), Tourism and Generation Y (27–37). Cambridge, (MA): CAB International.
Lancaster, L. C., & Stillman, D. (2003). When generations collide: Who they are, why they clash, how to solve the generational puzzle at work. New York, NY: Harper Business.
Leask, A., Fyall, A., & Barron, P. (2013). Generation Y: Opportunity or challenge – strategies to engage generation Y in the UK attractions’ sector. Current Issues in Tourism, 16(1), pp. 17–46.
Lenhart, A. (2015). Teens, social media & technology. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/. Accessed July 29, 2019.
Li, X., Li, X., & Hudson, S. (2013). The application of generational theory to tourism consumer behaviour: An American perspective. Tourism Management, 37, pp. 147-164.
Lianda, G., & Leonard, L. (2016), Barriers towards African youth participation in domestic tourism in post-apartheid South Africa: The case of Alexandra Township, Johannesburg. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(3), pp. 1-17.
Lipowski, M. (2017). The Differences between Generations in Consumer Behaviour in the Service Sales Channel. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio HOeconomia, 51(2), pp. 159-167.
Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic Word-of-Mouth in Hospitality and Tourism Management. Tourism management, 29(3), pp. 458-468.
Maharaj, B., Sucheran, R., & Pillay, V. (2006). Durban—A tourism Mecca? Challenges of the Post-Apartheid Era. Urban forum, 17(3), pp. 262-281.
Martin, A., & Bush, J. (2000). Do Role Models Influence Teenagers Purchase Intentions and Behaviour? Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), pp. 441-453.
Mazimhaka, J. (2007). Diversifying Rwanda's Tourism Industry: a role for domestic tourism. Development Southern Africa, 24, pp. 491-504.
Mhlongo, P.S., & Ezeuduji, I.O. (2021). Tourists’ Perspectives on Brand Image and Brand Loyalty of KwaZulu-Natal. Journal of African Films, Diaspora Studies, Performance Arts and Communication Studies (JAFDIS), 4(2), pp. 99-123.
Mignon, J.-M. (2003). Le tourisme des jeunes. Une valeur sûre, dans Cahier Espaces, No. 77
Monaco, S. (2018). Tourism and the new generations: emerging trends and social implications in Italy. Journal of Tourism Futures, 4(1), pp. 7-15.
Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (2005). Is it age or IT: First steps toward Understanding the Net Generation. Educating the Next generation, 2(1-2), pp. 12-31.
Ozkan, M., & Solmaz, B. (2015). Mobile addiction of generation z and its effects on their social lifes: An application among university students in the 18-23 age group. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 205, pp. 92-98.
Palmore, E. (1978). When can age, period, and cohort be separated? Social Forces, 57(1), pp. 282-295.
Parry, E., & Urwin L. P. (2011). Generational differences in work values: A review of theory and evidence. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(1), pp. 79-96.
Prayag, G., & Hosany, S. (2014). When Middle East meets West: Understanding the motives and perceptions of young tourists from United Arab Emirates. Tourism Management, 40, pp. 35-45.
Read, A., & Truelove, C. (2018). The incoming tide of Generation Z. AMA Quarterly, 4(10), pp. 43-46
Reeves, T., & Oh, E. (2008). Generational differences. In M. Spector, M. Merrill, J. van Merrienboer, & M. Driscoll (Eds.), Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (3rd ed.,
pp. 295–303). New York, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Robbins, G. (2017). Tourism - The Potential. In: The Visitor Economy and Tourism in Ethekwini. 18th Issue, February 2017. Economic Development and Growth in Ethekwini (EDGE)., http://www.durban.gov.za/resource_centre/edge/documents/edge_18thissue-final.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2020.
Robinson, V. M. (2019). A New Face of Tourism: Understanding Travel Experiences of New Zealand Inbound Generation Z. PhD Dissertation., New Zealand: Auckland University of Technology.
Rogerson, C.M., & Zoleka, L. (2005). ‘Sho’t Left’: Changing Domestic Tourism in South Africa. Urban Forum,16(2-3), pp. 88-111.
Rogerson, C. M. (2007). Backpacker tourism in South Africa: Challenges and strategic opportunities. South African Geographical Journal, 89(2), pp. 161-171.
Rogerson, C.M. (2011). From Liquor to Leisure: The Changing South African Hotel Industry 1928-1968. Urban Forum, 22, pp. 379-394.
Scheyvens, R. (2002). Tourism for development: Empowering communities. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
Sigala, M. (2010). Web 2.0, social marketing strategies and distribution channels for city destinations: Enhancing the participatory role of travelers and exploiting their collective intelligence. In Web Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, pp. 1249-1273. IGI Global.
Singh, A. (2014). Challenges and issues of generation Z. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(7), pp. 59-63.
South Africa Tourism (2021). Sho't Left. Retrieved from https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/travel/category/shot-left. Accessed August 13, 2021.
Southan, J. (2017, May 19). From Boomers to Gen Z: Travel Trends Across the Generations. Globe Trender Magazine, Retrieved from https://globetrender.com/2017/05/19/travel-trends-across-generations/. Accessed July 19, 2019.
Strauss, W. & Howe, N. (1997). An American prophecy: The fourth turning. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
Strauss, W., & Howe, N. (2009). The fourth turning: What the cycles of history tell us about America's next rendezvous with destiny. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press Crown Publishing Group.
Tapscott, D. (1998). Growing up digital: the rise of the Net Generation. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Tourism KwaZulu-Natal (2009). KwaZulu-Natal tourism authority annual report, Tourism statistics 2008/2009. Retrieved from https://www.zulukindom.gov.za/. Accessed September 3, 2019.
Tourism KwaZulu-Natal (2013). A Developer’s Guide to investing in Tourism Projects in KwaZulu-Natal. Retrieved from https://www.zulukindom.gov.za/. Accessed September 6, 2019.
Tussyadiah, I. P., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2009). Mediating tourist experiences: Access to places via shared videos. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(1), pp. 24-40.
Veal, A.J. (2011). Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism: A Practical Guide (4th Ed.). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Wang, K. C., Hsieh, A. T., Yeh, Y. C., & Tsai, C. W. (2004). Who is the decision-maker: the parents or the child in group package tours? Tourism management, 25(2), pp. 183-194.
World Bank (2014). World development indicators. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/country/turkey. Accessed May 6, 2019.
Published
2022-01-05
How to Cite
Aina, A. O., & Ezeuduji, I. O. (2022). Generation Z Attitude towards Domestic Tourism in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: Array. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 17(6). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/AUDOE/article/view/1515
Issue
Section
Financial Economics
License
The author fully assumes the content originality and the holograph signature makes him responsible in case of trial.
