Does Entrepreneurial Activity Affect Entrepreneurial Success in Developing Countries? Data Evidence from Cameroon
Keywords:
Start-up activities, Entrepreneurship, Heterogeneity, FormalizationAbstract
This article aims to analyze the effect of start-up activities on entrepreneurship in developing countries, using the example of Cameroon. For this fact, we used logistic regression, on a sample of 614 entrepreneurs extracted from the CRDI database collected in 2014. The results show that contrary to the existing literature, in Cameroon most of these activities negatively influence the start-up of entrepreneurship, with the presence of individual and spatial heterogeneity. More precisely, almost at all levels of distribution, the results show a very significant and negative correlation of formalization on the start of entrepreneurship. In view of these results, we recommend to decision-makers and organizations responsible for promoting entrepreneurship to thoroughly review the procedure for formalizing businesses in Cameroon, to review the content of training and education in order to convey the modules related to business start-ups.
References
Ahmed, H. M., & Ahmed, Y. A. (2021). Constraints of youth entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 11(1), 337-346.
Arenius, P., Engel, Y., & Klyver, K. (2017). No particular action needed? A necessary condition analysis of gestation activities and firm emergence. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 87-92.
Baliamoune-Lutz, M. (2011). Trust-based social capital, institutions, and development. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40(4), 335-346.
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital theory. Columbia, New York, 1964.
Becker, G. S. (1992). Human capital and the economy. Proceedings of the American philosophical society, 136(1), 85-92.
BIT, (2009). L’économie informelle en Afrique: Promouvoir la transition vers la formalité – Défis et stratégies, Genève
BIT, (2011). Croissance performante, emploi et travail décent en Afrique: Une nouvelle vision s’impose, Pretoria
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (1998). What makes an entrepreneur?. Journal of labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60.
Bosma, N., Coduras, A., Litovsky, Y., & Seaman, J. (2012). GEM Manual: A report on the design, data and quality control of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 9, 1-95.
Bougna, T., & Nguimkeu, P. (2018). Spatial and sectoral heterogeneity of occupational choice in Cameroon. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (8515).
Bougna, T., & Nguimkeu, P. (2018). Spatial and sectoral heterogeneity of occupational choice in Cameroon. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (8515).
Brush, C. G., Manolova, T. S., & Edelman, L. F. (2008). Properties of emerging organizations: An empirical test. Journal of business venturing, 23(5), 547-566.
Carter, N. M., Gartner, W. B., & Reynolds, P. D. (1996). Exploring start-up event sequences. Journal of business venturing, 11(3), 151-166.
Delmar, F., & Shane, S. (2003). Does business planning facilitate the development of new ventures?. Strategic management journal, 24(12), 1165-1185.
Edelman, L. F., Manolova, T., Shirokova, G., & Tsukanova, T. (2016). The impact of family support on young entrepreneurs' start-up activities. Journal of business venturing, 31(4), 428-448.
Evans, David S., Jovanovic, Boyan, 1989. An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice
under liquidity constraints. J. Polit. Econ. 97, 808–827
Fatoki, O., & Chindoga, L. (2011). An investigation into the obstacles to youth entrepreneurship in South Africa. International business research, 4(2), 161-169.
Foleu, L. C., Menzepo, G. D., & Bema Priso, A. P. (2022). Women entrepreneurs in Cameroon. In Women Entrepreneurs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Historical Framework, Ecosystem, and Future Perspectives for the Region (pp. 9-31). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Fouda, O.M., & Pene P.Z.N., 2015. Entrepreneurship Development in a Local Context: Evidence from Entrepreneurs in the Eastern Region of Cameroon. Applied Economics and Finance, 2(2), 79-90.
Gindling, T. H., & Newhouse, D. (2014). Self-employment in the developing world. World development, 56, 313-331.
Karki, T. S., Xheneti, M., & Madden, A. (2021). To formalize or not to formalize: women entrepreneurs’ sensemaking of business registration in the context of Nepal. Journal of Business Ethics, 173, 687-708.
Lazear, E.P. (2005). Entrepreneurship. Journal of Labor Economics, 23(4), 649-680.
Lechmann, D. S., & Schnabel, C. (2014). Are the self-employed really jacks-of-all-trades? Testing the assumptions and implications of Lazear’s theory of entrepreneurship with German data. Small Business Economics, 42, 59-76.
Lichtenstein, B. B., Carter, N. M., Dooley, K. J., & Gartner, W. B. (2007). Complexity dynamics of nascent entrepreneurship. Journal of business venturing, 22(2), 236-261.
Misha, M., & Egbe, D. E. (2022). A Study of Youth Entrepreneurship in Cameroon and Pakistan: Challenges and Solutions: Lack of Entrepreneurial skills as a major challenge.
Neneh, B. N. (2014). An assessment of entrepreneurial intention among university students in Cameroon. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(20), 542.
OIT, (2017), cadre normatif, reglementaire et politique de mise en œuvre de la transition vers l’economie formelle au cameroun
Parker S.C., (2009), The Economics of Entrepreneurship, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo
Parker, M. (2018). Shut down the business school. University of Chicago Press Economics Books.
Parker, S. C., & Belghitar, Y. (2006). What happens to nascent entrepreneurs? An econometric analysis of the PSED. Small Business Economics, 27, 81-101.
Shepherd, D. (2015). Party On! A call for entrepreneurship research that is more interactive, activity based, cognitively hot, compassionate, and prosocial. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(4), 489-507.
Shirokova, G., Osiyevskyy, O., Morris, M. H., & Bogatyreva, K. (2017). Expertise, university infrastructure and approaches to new venture creation: assessing students who start businesses. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 29(9-10), 912-944.
Storey, D. J. (2003). Entrepreneurship, small and medium sized enterprises and public policies. Handbook of entrepreneurship research: An interdisciplinary survey and introduction, 473-511.
Sutter, C., Bruton, G. D., & Chen, J. (2019). Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions. Journal of business venturing, 34(1), 197-214.
Tonoyan, V., Strohmeyer, R., Habib, M., & Perlitz, M. (2010). Corruption and entrepreneurship: How formal and informal institutions shape small firm behavior in transition and mature market economies. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 34(5), 803-832.
Vesper, K. H. (1990). New venture strategies. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for entrepreneurial leadership historical research reference in entrepreneurship.
Watson, K., & McGowan, P. (2019). Emergent perspectives toward the business plan among nascent entrepreneur start-up competition participants. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(3), 421-440.
Webb, J. W., & Ireland, R. D. (2015). Laying the foundation for a theory of informal adjustments. In Management, society, and the informal economy (pp. 21-41). Routledge.
Webb, J. W., Bruton, G. D., Tihanyi, L., & Ireland, R. D. (2013). Research on entrepreneurship in the informal economy: Framing a research agenda. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(5), 598-614.
Williams, C. C., Shahid, M. S., & Martínez, A. (2016). Determinants of the level of informality of informal micro-enterprises: Some evidence from the city of Lahore, Pakistan. World Development, 84, 312-325.
Williams, N., & Vorley, T. (2015). Institutional asymmetry: How formal and informal institutions affect entrepreneurship in Bulgaria. International Small Business Journal, 33(8), 840-861.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 John William Seugue Nietcho, Leumani Pameni David Léo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The author fully assumes the content originality and the holograph signature makes him responsible in case of trial.