The interplay of organizational culture on psychological safety, and organizational citizenship behavior in South African Selected SETAs
Keywords:
Affective commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, organizational culture, Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs)Abstract
An effective and positive organizational culture (OC) greatly impacts employee actions, including psychological safety, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and it is crucial to any company's growth and success. This research aims to examine how certain South African sector education and training authorities (SETAs) deal with organizational culture, specifically how it affects psychological safety, commitment, and OCB. This study investigates the mediating role of psychological safety and the relationship between organizational culture, affective commitment, and OCB. We adopted an online survey to collect quantitative data from 194 employees at six different SETA locations in the Gauteng area of South Africa, using the convenience sample technique. We then analyzed the data using SMARTPLS and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study found a negative correlation between OCB, organizational culture, and psychological safety. The findings show a positive correlation between affective commitment and company culture. Equally, OCB, organizational culture, and psychological safety all act as mediators to some extent. The heuristic model remains a novel idea for organizations. Furthermore, the theoretical framework shows that organizational culture and affective commitment can predict organizational citizenship behavior. It achieves this by adopting a complex approach to cultural analysis and utilizing innovative techniques like survey data and quantitative inferential statistics. Considering the mediating role of psychological safety is also a significant milestone for the future. However, policymakers and public sector organizations can benefit from this study's conclusions in dealing with employee well-being and maximizing organizational commitment.
References
Abdulrab, M., Zumrah, A.R., Almaamari, Q., Al-Tahitah, A.N., Isaac, O. & Ameen, A. (2018). The role of psychological empowerment as a mediating variable between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behaviour in Malaysian higher education institutions. International Journal of Management and Human Science, 2(3),1-14.
Acquah, H.E.A., Sarkodie, N.A., Baffoe, E., Lennox, A., Amon, D.B.N. & Nunoo, J. (2020). Influence of organisational culture on employee commitment: evidence from environmental protection agency in Ghana. International Journal of Technology and Management Research, 5(3), 45-57.
Aldrin, N. & Yunanto, K.T. (2019). Job satisfaction as a mediator for the influence of transformational leadership and organizational culture on organizational citizenship behaviour. The Open Psychology Journal, 12:126-134
Allen, N.J. & Meyer, J.P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organisation. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63:1-18.
Aranki, D. H., Suifan, T. S., & Sweis, R. J. (2019). The relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment. Modern Applied Science, 13(4), 137-154.
Brewer, E.W. & Clippard, L.F. (2002). Burnout and job satisfaction among Student Support Services personnel. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 13(2), 169-86.
Brunetto, Y. & Farr-Wharton, R. (2003). The commitment and satisfaction of lower-ranked police officers: lessons for management. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 26(1), 43-63.
Cobbinah, E., Tackie-Otoo, G.N. & Ayensu, S.B. (2020). The effect of organizational culture on job performance: the intervening role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 10(12), 294-308.
Collins, C. J. & K. G. Smith, (2006). Knowledge Exchange and Combination: The Role of Human Resource Practices in the Performance of High-Technology Firms. Academy of management journal, 49(3), 544-560.
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behaviour in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.
Elifneh, Y. & Embilo, T. (2023). The effect of organizational culture on employees’ performance in research institutes: evidence from Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research. Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 20(2),1-17.
Fox, S., Spector, P.E., Goh, A., Bruursema, K. & Kessler, S.R. (2012). The deviant citizen: Measuring potential positive relations between counterproductive work behaviour and organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85(1),199–220
Franke, G., & Sarstedt, M. (2019). Heuristics versus statistics in discriminant validity testing: a comparison of four procedures. Internet Research, 3(1), 430-447.
Grego-Planer D. (2019). The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviours in the public and private sectors. Sustainability, 11(22),1-20.
Hair, J., Hult, G., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). London: SAGE Publications.
Hair, J.F., Hult, G.T.M., Ringle, C.M., Sarstedt, M. & Thiele, K.O. (2017). Mirror, Mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 616-632.
Ibrahim, M.A., Aziz, S.F.A., Halim, M.R.T. & Sulaiman, W.S.W. (2021). The influence of organizational culture on organizational citizenship behaviour among The Royal Malaysia Police in Selangor. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(3), 62-76.
Ibrahim, R. & Olaleye, B.R. (2024). Relationship between workplace ostracism and job productivity: the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and lack of motivation. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-08-2023-0408.
Jahan, I., Huynh, T. & Mass, G. (2022). The influence of organisational culture on employee commitment: an empirical study on civil service officials in Bangladesh. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 9(2), 271-300
Jehanzeb K. (2020). Does perceived organizational support and employee development influence organizational citizenship behavior? Person–organization fit as moderator. European Journal of Training and Development, 44(6/7), 637-657.
Kahn, W. A., (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724.
Kar, D. P., & Tewari, H. R. (1999). Organizational culture and organizational citizenship behaviour. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 421-433.
Kengatharan, N. (2021). A jack of all trades is a master of none: the nexus of firm-specific human capital, ambidexterity, productivity and firm performance. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 8:79-102.
Khanam, Z. & Tarab, S. (2023). A moderated-mediation model of the relationship between responsible leadership, citizenship behaviour and patient satisfaction. IIM Ranchi Journal of Management Studies, 2:114-134.
Kulkarni, A. & Mishra, M. (2022). Aspects of women’s leadership in the organisation: systematic literature review. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 9:9-32.
Lapointe, E. & Vandenberghe, C. (2018). Examination of the relationships between servant leadership, organizational commitment, and voice and antisocial behaviours. Journal of Business Ethics, 148:99-115.
Latta, G. F. (2020). A complexity analysis of organizational culture, leadership and engagement: integration, differentiation and fragmentation. International Journal of Leadership in Education.
Levy, D. L. (2000). Applications and limitations of complexity theory in organization theory and strategy. Public Administration and Public Policy, 79, 67-88.
Li, J., Li, S., Jing, T., Bai, M., Zhang, Z. & Liang, H. (2022). Psychological safety and affective commitment among Chinese hospital staff: the mediating roles of job satisfaction and job burnout. Psychology Research and Behaviour Management,15:1573-1585
Lok, P. & Crawford, J. (2001). Antecedents of organizational commitment and the mediating role of job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16 (7/8), 594-613.
London, M. & Larsen, H. (1999). Relationships between feedback and self-development. Group and Organization Management, 24(1), 5-27.
Long, N.L-H., Huong, N.T-T. & Viet–Anh, H. (2022). Workplace support and service-oriented organisational citizenship behaviour: the mediating role of psychological empowerment and affective commitment. Cogent Business & Management, 9:1-16.
Lunenburg, F. C., & Ornstein, A. C. (2011). Educational Administration: Concepts and Practices (6th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Martin, J. (2002). Organizational culture: Mapping the terrain. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L. & L. M. Harter, (2004). The Psychological Conditions of Meaningfulness, Safety and Availability and The Engagement of The Human Spirit at Work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(1), 11-37.
Meredith, C., Moolenaar, N., Struyve, C., Vandecandelaere, M., Gielen, S. & Kyndt, E. (2023). The importance of a collaborative culture for teachers’ job satisfaction and affective commitment. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 38:43-62.
Meyer, J.P. & Allen, N.J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace: theory, research, and application. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Mohd Isa, F.H., Ugheoke, S.O. & Wan Mohd Noor, W.S. (2016). The influence of organizational culture on employees’ performance: evidence from Oman. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business, 4(2), 1-12.
Muleya, D., Ngirande, H., & Terera, S. (2022). The influence of training and career development opportunities on affective commitment: a South African higher education perspective. South African Journal of Human Resource Management, 20:1620.
Nawawi, N. Mursalim, Farida, U., Ruslan, S., Parenden, A. & Rau, H. (2023). The influence of organizational culture on employee performance through employee commitment and discipline at the South Sulawesi Bapenda Office. (Paper delivered at the 1ST ASIAN Academic Summit, November 7 -8, 2022 Faculty of Social Science and Humanity, University Kebangsaan, Malaysia, pp. 97-109). Asian Academic Summit Proceeding 1(2), 97-109.
Nembhard, I. M., and A. C. Edmondson, (2006). Making it safe: The effects of leader inclusiveness and professional status on psychological safety and improvement efforts in health care teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(7), 941-966.
Olaleye B. R., I, Abdurrashid, I., & Olaleye, O. K. (2022). Nexus Between Work-Life Quality and Organizational Commitment of Academic Staff in Ekiti State, Nigeria: Dimensional View. FUOYE Journal of Management, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 112-123.
Olaleye, B. R. O. Fapetu, A. A. Asaolu & M. Bojuwon (2021). Nexus Between Authentic Leadership, Organizational Culture and Job Performance: Mediating Role of Bullying. FUOYE Journal of Finance and Contemporary Issues, 1(1), 38-48
Olaleye, B. R., B. O. Babatunde, J. N. Lekunze & A. R. Tella (2023). Attaining Organizational Sustainability Through Competitive Intelligence: The Roles of Organizational Learning and Resilience. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 13(3), 39-54.
Olaleye, B.R., Lekunze, J.N., Sekhampu, T.J., Khumalo, N. & Ayeni, A.A.W. (2024). Leveraging Innovation Capability and Organizational Resilience for Business Sustainability Among Small and Medium Enterprises: A PLS-SEM Approach. Sustainability, 16, 9201.
Raosoft.com. (2016). Sample size calculator. [online] Available at: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html Date accessed: 24 March 2023.
Rashid, M.Z.A., Sambasivan, M. & Johari, J. (2003). The influence of corporate culture and organizational commitment on performance. Journal of Management Development, 22(8), 708-728.
Remtulla, R., Hagana, A., Houbby, N., Ruparell, K., Aojula, N., Menon, A., Thavarajasingam, S.G. & Meyer, E. (2019). Exploring the barriers and facilitators of psychological safety in primary care teams: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(269),1-12.
Robinson, E. T., Jones, C., & Brazeau, G. A. (2023). Addressing an uncertain future with a culture of psychological safety. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 87(7), 100032.
SETA. (2023). Skills education training authorities in South Africa SETA. Available at https://www.vocational.co.za/ Date Accessed: 23 March 2023.
Siemsen, E., Roth, A. V., Balasubramanian, S. & G. Anand, (2009). The Influence of Psychological Safety and Confidence in Knowledge on Employee Knowledge Sharing. Manufacturing and Service Operations Management, 11(3), 429-447.
Singer, S. J., Hayes, J. E., Gray, G. C. & M. V. Kiang, (2015). Making Time for Learning-Oriented Leadership in Multidisciplinary Hospital Management Groups. Health Care Management Review, 40(4), 300-312.
Silverthorne, C. (2004). The impact of organizational culture and person-organization fit on organizational commitment and job satisfaction in Taiwan. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(7), 592-599.
Singh, S.K., & Singh, A.P. (2019). Interplay of organizational justice, psychological empowerment, organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction in the context of circular economy. Management Decision, 57(4), 937-952.
Siswadi, Y., Jufrizen, J., Saripuddin, J., Farisi, S., & Sari, M. (2023). Organizational Culture and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Mediating Role of Learning Organizations and Organizational Commitment. Jurnal Riset Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 16(1), 73-82.
Siswondo, S., Sudrajat, D., Solahudin, A. & Wibowo, S. N. (2022). The influence of organizational culture and organizational commitment on OCB (Organizational Citizenship Behavior) employees. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 2(5),741-748.
Tefera, C. A. & Hunsaker, W. D. (2020). Intangible Assets and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Conceptual Model. Heliyon, 6(7), 1–11.
Thakre, N. & Mathew, P. (2020). Psychological empowerment, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior among Indian service-sector employees. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 39(4),45-52.
Van Der Post, W.Z., De Coning, T. & Smit, E. (1997). An instrument to measure organizational culture. South African Journal of Business Management, 28(4),147-168.
Wambui, L.N. & Gichanga L. (2018). Impact of organizational culture on organizational commitment. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 5(2),2076–2088.
Wright, A. (2010). Culture and compensation – Unpacking the intricate relationship between reward and organizational culture. Thunderbird International Business Review, 52(3), 189–202.
Yener, S., (2014). Özel Ortaöğretim Kurumlarında Paylaşılan Liderlik Davranışı ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkide Psikolojik Güvenlik Algısının Aracı Değişken İlişkisinin Araştırılması. Doctoral thesis, Haliç University, Social Sciences University, Institute of Social Sciences.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ntseliseng Khumalo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The author fully assumes the content originality and the holograph signature makes him responsible in case of trial.
