Awareness and Patronage of Healthcare Professional Indemnity Insurance: Empirical Evidence among Medical Practitioners in Lagos, Nigeria
Keywords:
Awareness, Patronage, Professional indemnity insurance, Medical malpractice, NigeriaAbstract
Healthcare Professional indemnity insurance (HPII), otherwise known as medical malpractice insurance or medical errors and omission insurance, is a legal liability insurance that helps rescue the medical practitioners from medical liability lawsuits or negligence that may be brought forward by a patient. It is thus fundamental for managing liability risks that may ensue from the activities of medical practitioners such as surgeons, physicians, dentists, pharmacists, opticians, nurses, physiotherapists and the likes. The thrust of the study, therefore, is to investigate the awareness level and extent of patronage among medical practitioners regarding professional indemnity insurance policy in Nigeria. This study adopted descriptive research design with the help of a survey approach. While judgmental sampling technique was adopted for information selection, a questionnaire was used for data collection. Two hundred fifty (250) medical practitioners that participated in the study were drawn from five (5) divisional areas in Lagos State, which is the population of the study. Two (2) hypothetical statements were tested with statistical intervention of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Kendall’s tau Correlation technique. It was found out that the level of awareness of healthcare professional indemnity insurance policy is low among the operators of private health facilities in the studied areas. Thus, extent of patronage of PII is low among the operators of private health facilities in the studied areas, and by implication, the extent of patronage of PII is low among the operators of private health facilities in Nigeria. The study recommends that the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) should advocate Healthcare Professional Indemnity Insurance policy among its members so as to help improve awareness level of this insurance protection. The state can also promote this indemnity insurance awareness as a medical liability risk management technique through the instrumentality of law.
References
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Agarwal, S. & Swapnil, S.A. (n.d). Professional indemnity insurance vis-a vis-medical professional Journal of Indian Academic Forensic Medicine, 31(1)73-76.
Ahmed, A.H., Giri, J., Kashyap, R., Singh, B., Dong, Y., Kilickaya, O., Erwin, P.J., Murad, M.H., & Pickering, B.W. (2015). Outcome of adverse events and medical errors in the intensive care units: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Medical Quality, 30(1), 23-30.
Ajemunigbohun, S.S., & Adeoye, A.O. (2018). Insurance awareness and awareness: Empirical evidence among small and medium-sized enterprises in Lagos state, Nigeria. Trend Economics and Management, 32(2), 9-20.
Alinvi, F., & Babri, M. (2007). Customers’ preferences of insurance services: How could insurance companies enhance their ability of meeting the constant changes in customers’ preferences in an increasingly competitive environment? thesis, International Business Program.
Alsulami, Z., Conroy, S., & Choonara, I. (2013). Medication errors in the Middle East countries: A systematic review of the literature. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 69(4), 995-1008.
Amoako, E.O. (2019). Patronage of non-life insurance policies: The case of SMEs in Kumasi metropolis. Applied Mathematics, 9(3), 67-81
Asika, N. (2008). Research methodology in the behavioural sciences. Lagos, Nigeria: Longman Nigeria Plc
Asokere, A.S., & Nwankwo, S.I. (2010). Essentials of insurance: A modern approach. Ikeja: Fevas Publishing
Badru, F.A., Yusuf, T.O., & Isola, W. (2013). Socio-cultural factors affecting insurance patronage in Lagos State, Nigeria: An exploratory study. Hemispheres, 28, 5-19
Barseghyan, L., Molinari, F., O’Donoghue, T., & Teitelbaum, J.C. (2013). The nature of risk preferences: Evidence from insurance choices. American Economic Review, 103(6), 2499-2529.
Beniwal, H. (2016). Professional indemnity insurance for doctors in India. The financial literates blog. July. Accessed from https://www.tflguide.com/2016/07/professional-indemnity- insurance-doctor-india.html.
Bettman, J.R., Luce, M.F., & Payne, J.W. (1998). Constructive consumer choice processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 25(3), 187.
Bhanushali, V, Shivakumar, K.M., Snehal P & Kadashetti, V. (2018). Knowledge, attitude & practice of professional indemnity insurance among dental practitioners in Maharashtra India Journal of International Clinical Dental Research Organisation,10(1), 26-31
Bolboaca, S.D., & Jantschi, L. (2006). Pearson versus spearman, Kendall’s tau correlation analysis on structure-activity relationships of biologic active compounds. Leonardo Journal of Sciences, 9(July-December), 179-200
Brossart, D.F., Laird, V.C., & Armstrong, T.W. (2018). Interpreting Kendall’s tau and tau-U for single-case experimental designs. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1-26.
Chiappori, P.A., & Salanie, B. (2003). Testing contract theory: A survey of some recent work. Advanced in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications. 8th World Congress, 115-149.
Chilekezi, O. (2019). Compulsory insurance in Nigeria. The African Reinsurance, 33 (June), 1-39
Chukwueke, F.N. (2015). Medical incidents in developing countries. A few case studies in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 18, 20-24.
Dinnie, D. (2019). Understanding medical malpractice insurance in South Africa. Retrieved from: www.natmed.mobi, 21/4/19
Dragos, S.L. (2014). Life and non-life insurance demand: The different effects of influence factors in emerging countries from Europe and Asia. Economic Research-Ekonomiska Istrazivanja, 27(1), 169 – 180.
Easterby-smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Jackson, P.R. (2008). Management research. (3rdedn). London: Sage
Ecglobal Insurance (nd). Understanding the claims process and the factors that affect payout. Retrieved from: www.ecfh.com>webimage>understanding. 21/4/19
Einav, L., Finkelstein, A., & Levin, J. (2010). Beyond testing: Empirical models of insurance markets. Annual Review of Economics, 2, 311-336.
Enemo, I.P., (2012). Liability of healthcare providers and hospitals. Nigerian Juridical Review. 10(3), 21-29.
Ericson, K.M., Kircher, P., Spinnewjin, J., & Starc, A. (2016). Inferring risk perception and preferences using choice from insurance means: Theory and evidence. Retrieved from: https://.pkircher/papers/manuscript_EKSS.pdf. 21/4/19
Evans, J. (2009). Prevalence, risk factors, consequences and strategies for reducing medication errors in Australian hospitals: A literature review. Contemporary Nurse, 31(12), 176- 189.
Flotta, D., Rizza, P., Bianco, A., Pileggi, C., & Pavia, M. (2012). Patient safety and medical errors: Knowledge, attitudes and behavior among Italian hospital physicians. International Journal for Qual Health care, 24(3), 258-265.
Fofie, G.A. (2016). What influence customer patronage of insurance policies: An empirical assessment of socio-economic and demographic determinants of insurance patronage in Ghana. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(1), 81-88.
Fredricks, G.A., & Nelsen, R.B. (2007). On the relationship between spearman’s p and Kendall’s r for pairs of continuous random variables. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 137, 2143-2150
Gupta, D., Thomas, S., Dagli, R., Solanki, J., Bhateja, G.A., & Mahajan, R. (2014). Professional indemnity insurance used among graduated and post graduate dental surgeons in Mumbai city, India. Journal of Health Research and Reviews, 1(2), 44-48.
Harrison, R., Cohen, A.W.S., & Walton, M. (2015). Patient safety and quality of care in developing countries in southeast Asia: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Quality in Health Care, 27(4), 240-254.
Hooker, N.D., & Pryor, L.M. (1990). Professional indemnity insurance. Journal of Social Sciences, 32, 37-69.
Hussin, W.H., & Ismail, Z. (2016). The significance of professional indemnity insurance among engineering consultancies in Malaysia. Journal of Technology Management and Business, 3(1), 1-15
Iloh, G.U.P., Amadi, A.N., Chukwunonye, M.E., Ifedigbo, C.V., & Orji, U.N. (2017). Patients’ right in an underserved Nigerian environment: A cross-sectional study of attitude and practice orientation of medical professionals in Abia State. BLDE Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 97-104.
Iloh, G.U.P., Chuku, A., & Amadi, N.A. (2017). Medical errors in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study of medical practitioners in Abia. Archaeological Medical Research, 5(1), 44
Inegbedion, U.E. (2015). Awareness and Utilization of National Health Insurance Scheme in Edo State Nigeria. Master’s Thesis, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Jena, A.B., Seabury, S., Lakdawalla, D., & Chaudra, A. (2011). Malpractice risk according to physician specialty. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(7), 629-636
Jeremiah, V.T., Joseph, O.I., & Innocent, N.O. (2019). Awareness and patronage of the tertiary institutions social health insurance programme (TISHIP) among students of tertiary institutions in Abuja, Nigeria. Global Journal of Applied Management and Social Science, 17(August), 32-37.
Khammarnia, M., & Setoodehzadeh, F. (2016). Medical error as a challenge in Iran’s health system. Health Scope, 39743, 1-2
Makary, M.A., & Daniel, M. (2016). Medical error – The third leading cause of death in the US. BMJ, 353, 1-5
Mrayyan, M.T., Shishani, K., & Al-Faouri, I. (2007). Rate, causes, and reporting of medication errors in Jordan: Nurses’ perspectives. Journal of Nursing Management, 15(6), 659-670.
National Health Insurance Scheme (2012). Operational guidelines. October. Retrieved August 2, 2019 from https://www.dhmlnigeria.com/..../NHIS_OPERATIONAL_GUIDELINE (Revised).pdf
Nyce, C.M. (2007). Foundation of risk management and insurance. (2nded). Pennsylvania: American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty.
Olaleye, M. (2018). Medical negligence in Nigeria: Addressing the public on the scope and the resultant legal implications ICSA.
Olsson, C. (2002). Risk management in emerging markets: How to survive and prosper. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Osho, L.A., & Ademuyiwa, M.A. (2017). Insurance and entrepreneurship development: Focus on Nigeria. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Development, Education and Science Research, 4(1), 46-57.
Outreville, J.F. (1998). Theory and practice of insurance. New York: Springer Science Business Media
Outreville, J.F. (2014). Risk aversion, risk behaviour and demand for insurance: A survey. Journal of Insurance Issues, 37(2), 158 – 186.
Pagura. I. (2014). Insurance: what sort of cover should you have? Journal of the Australian Traditional Medicine Society, 20(1) 52-53.
Pituru, S., Vladareanu, S., Paun, S., & Nanu, A. (2015). Malpractice and professional liability o medical personnel. FARMACIA, 63(2), 318-324.
Pricewaterhousecoopers Consulting (2019). Strengthen the professional indemnity insurance environment for building industry professionals in Queensland. Department of Housing and Public Works, Interim Report, 24th June.
Pritchett, S.T., Schmit, J.T., Doerpinghaus, H.T., & Athearn, J.L. (1996). Risk management and insurance (7th ed). San Francisco: West Publishing Company.
Ramachandra, T., & Gamage, M.L. (2018). A study of professional liability and need for professional indemnity insurance for quantity surveyors. Digital Library, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
Rejda, G.E. & McNamara, M.J. (2014). Principles of risk management and insurance (12thed). USA: Pearson Education, Inc.
Rubin, J.B., & Bishop, T.F. (2013). Characteristics of paid malpractice claims settled in and out of court in the USA. A retrospective analysis. BJM Open. 3(6), 1-6
Rutigliano, K. (2014). Whose line is it: when is a claim a general liability claim or a professional liability claim. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Bar Association.
Scurria, S, Asmundo, A., Crino, C., & Gualniera, P. (2011). Professional liability insurance in obstetrics and gynecology: Estimate of the level of knowledge about malpractice insurance policies and definition of an information tool for the management of professional activity. BMC Research note, 4(544), 1-9
Secure-Bloger (2016). How professional indemnity insurance can protect the doctors against legal liability? SecurenowBlog November, accessed from https://securenow.in/blog/how- professional-indemnity-can-protect-doctors-against-legal-liability, 4/9/19
Sehhat, S., & Kalyani, V.N. (2011). Effective factors for corporate demand for insurance: Empirical evidence from Iran. Insurance Markets and Companies: Analysis and Actuarial Computations, 2(3), 65 – 75.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill-building approach. (7th ed). USA: John Wiley & Sons Limited.
Seog, S.H. (2010). The economics of risk and insurance. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Limited.
Seshappa, K.N., Rangaswamy, S., & Puttegowda, A.K. (2018). Professional indemnity insurance for dental practitioners in India. Journal of Health Science and Research, 9(2), 38-40.
Shetty, V.B. (2015). Professional indemnity. Journal of Dental Research and Review, 2, 107-108
Siddiqi, S., Elasady, R., Khorshid, I., Fortune, T., Leotsakos, A., Letaief, M., Qsoos, S., Aman, R., Mandhari, A., & Sahel, A. (2012). Patient safety friendly hospital initiative: From evidence to action in seven developing country hospitals. International Journal of Quality Healthcare, 24(2), 144-151.
Sloan, F.A., & Chepke, L.M. (2008). Medical malpractice. England: The MIT Press.
Tomczyk, P., Doligalski, T., & Zaborek, P. (2016). Does customer analysis affect firm performance? Quantitative evidence from the Polish insurance market. Journal of Business Research, 6 (365), 47-61.
Tooth, R. (2015). Analysis of demand for home and content insurance. Australia: Insurance Council of Australia.
Trieschmann, J.S., Hoyt, R.K., & Sommer, D.W. (2005). Risk management and insurance. (12th ed). USA: Southwestern Thomson Corporation.
Ushie, B. A., Salami, K.K., Jegede, A, & Oyetunde, M. (2013). Patients knowledge and perceived reactions to medical errors in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. Journal of African Health Sciences, 13(3), 820-828.
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Published
2020-08-28
How to Cite
Ajemunibohun, S. (2020). Awareness and Patronage of Healthcare Professional Indemnity Insurance: Empirical Evidence among Medical Practitioners in Lagos, Nigeria: Array. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 16(5). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/AUDOE/article/view/378
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Financial Economics
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