A Developing Economy Perspective into the ‘Traditional Roles’ of the Professional Accountant within South African SMEs.
Keywords:
Compliance; financial reporting role; professional accountant; SME; taxation roleAbstract
The purpose of this paper is to add to the limited body of interpretive research on the role of the professional accountant within SA SMEs. This paper explores the perceptions of professional accountants with regard to the traditional compliance roles of professional accountants within SA SMEs. Semi-structured interviews with 20 experienced professional accountants and 20 SME owners highlight practical issues within the role of the accountant in statutory financial reporting and taxation advisory. The traditional roles are not consistently seen as an organic part of an SMEs business process, despite multiple arguments that professional accountants can add value within SMEs. Interviewees are also unconvinced that a professional accountant’s traditional role is taken seriously within the current SME context, further limiting the interconnection between value-adding services and compliance services. This adds to the limited body of interpretive research on the role of professional accountants within SMEs and offers practical insights for professional accountancy organizations, policymakers, professional accountants, SME; and academics.
References
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Abrie, W., & Doussy, E. (2006). Tax compliance obstacles encountered by small and medium enterprises in South Africa. Meditari: Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 14(1), 1-13.
Albu, C., Albu, N., & Fekete, S. (2010). The context of the possible IFRS for SMEs implementation in Romania: an exploratory study. Accounting and Management Information Systems, 9(1), 45-71.
Allee, K. D., & Yohn, T. L. (2009). The demand for financial statements in an unregulated environment: An examination of the production and use of financial statements by privately held small businesses. The Accounting Review, 84(1), 1-25.
Amoako, G. K. (2013). Accounting practices of SMEs: A case study of Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(24), 73.
Atawodi, O. W., & Ojeka, S. A. (2012). Factors that affect tax compliance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), 87.
Ball, R. (2006). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors. Accounting and Business Research, 36(sup1), 5-27.
Bennett, R. J. (2007). Expectations-based evaluation of SME advice and consultancy: an example of business link services. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(3), 435-457.
Berry, A. J., Sweeting, R., & Goto, J. (2006). The effect of business advisers on the performance of SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13(1), 33-47.
Berry, A. J., Sweeting, R., & Goto, J. (2007). The effect of business advisers on the performance of SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development.
Blackburn, R., Carey, P., & Tanewski, G. A. (2010). Business advice to SMEs: professional competence, trust and ethics. Retrieved from https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/small-business/rr-119-001.pdf
Blackburn, R., Eadson, W., Lefebvre, R., & Gans, P. (2006). SMEs, regulation and the role of the accountant : Research Report No 96. Retrieved from https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/2276/1/rr96_01.pdf
Blackburn, R., & Jarvis, R. (2010). The role of small and medium practices in providing business support to small-and medium-sized enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43153305_The_role_of_small_and_medium_practices_in_providing_business_support_to_small-and_medium-sized_enterprises
Brunninge, O., Nordqvist, M., & Wiklund, J. (2007). Corporate governance and strategic change in SMEs: The effects of ownership, board composition and top management teams. Small business economics, 29(3), 295-308.
Carey, P., & Tanewski, G. (2016). The provision of business advice to SMEs by external accountants. Managerial Auditing Journal, 31(3), 290-313.
Carmona, S., & Trombetta, M. (2008). On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards: The logic and implications of the principles-based system. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6), 455-461.
Carter, S., Mason, C., & Tagg, S. (2006). Lifting the barriers to growth in UK small businesses. Policy Document, 331.
Chen, D., Lee, F. C., & Mintz, J. M. (2002). Taxation, SMEs and entrepreneurship. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/stiaaa/2002-9-en.html
Collis, J. (2003). Directors' Views on Exemption from the Statutory Audit: A Research Report for the DTI. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38177412_Director's_Views_on_Accounting_and_Auditing_Requirements_for_SMEs
Collis, J., & Jarvis, R. (2002). Financial information and the management of small private companies. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9(2), 100-110.
Coolidge, J., Ilic, D., & Kisunko, G. (2009). Small Businesses in South Africa: Who Outsources Tax Compliance Work and Why? Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/4068
Daske, H., Hail, L., Leuz, C., & Verdi, R. (2008). Mandatory IFRS reporting around the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences. Journal of accounting research, 46(5), 1085-1142.
De Villiers, D. (2017). Business Rescue. Retrieved from https://www.saipa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/BUSINESS-RESCUE-for-SAIPA-Div-de-Villers.pdf
Devi, S., & Samujh, R. (2010). Accountants as providers of support and advice to SMEs in Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/small-business/rr-118-001.pdf
Devos, K. (2013). Factors influencing individual taxpayer compliance behaviour: Springer Science & Business Media.
Døving, E., & Gooderham, P. N. (2005). Small firm accountancy practices as business advisors: a dynamic capabilities view of the scope of their services. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/a0001285/Downloads/A65_05.pdf
Døving, E., & Gooderham, P. N. (2008). Dynamic capabilities as antecedents of the scope of related diversification: the case of small firm accountancy practices. strategic management journal, 29(8), 841-857.
Døving, E., Gooderham, P. N., Morrison, A., & Nordhaug, O. (2004). Small firm accountants as business advisers: accounting for the differences in their provision of business advisory services in Norway and Scotland. Retrieved from https://www.unit.no/vitenarkiv-i-bragekonsortiet
Dyer, L. M., & Ross, C. A. (2008). Seeking advice in a dynamic and complex business environment: Impact on the success of small firms. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(02), 133-149.
Evans, C. (2003). Studying the studies: An overview of recent research into taxation operating costs. eJournal of Tax Research, 1(1), 64-92.
Everaert, P., Sarens, G., & Rommel, J. (2007). Sourcing strategy of Belgian SMEs: empirical evidence for the accounting services. Production Planning and Control, 18(8), 716-725.
Fossey, E., Harvey, C., McDermott, F., & Davidson, L. (2002). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 36(6), 717-732.
Gooderham, P. N., Tobiassen, A., Døving, E., & Nordhaug, O. (2004). Accountants as sources of business advice for small firms. International Small Business Journal, 22(1), 5-22.
Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of management journal, 45(1), 58-80.
Halabi, A. K., Barrett, R., & Dyt, R. (2010). Understanding financial information used to assess small firm performance: An Australian qualitative study. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 7(2), 163-179.
Husin, M. A., & Ibrahim, M. D. (2014). The role of accounting services and impact on small medium enterprises (SMEs) performance in manufacturing sector from East Coast Region of Malaysia: A conceptual paper. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 54-67.
IASB. (2015). IFRS For SMEs. In. London: IFRS Foundation Publications Department.
IASB. (2018). Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting In International Financial Reporting Standards. London: International Accounting Standards Board.
IFAC. (2016, August 2015). The relationship between Accountancy Expertise and Business performance. Retrieved from https://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/relationship-between-accountancy-expertise-and-business-performance
Jermakowicz, E. K., & Epstein, B. J. (2010). IFRS for SMEs-an option for US private entities? Review of Business, 30(2), 72.
Keasey, K., & Short, H. (1990). The accounting burdens facing small firms: an empirical research note. Accounting and Business Research, 20(80), 307-313.
Kepes, B. (2017). Business Softwarei In The App Age. Computerworld. Retrieved from https://www.computerworld.com/article/3195070/financial-it/automation-and-the-end-of-accounting.html
Kesper, A. (2001). Failing or not aiming to grow? Manufacturing SMMEs and their contribution to employment growth in South Africa. Paper presented at the Urban Forum.
Killian, S., Karlinsky, S. S., Payne, G., & Arendse, J. (2007). Mixed blessing of being designated a small business: A four country comparison. The ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research, 5(1), 16-34.
Kirby, D. A., & King, S. H. (1997). Accountants and small firm development: Filling the expectation gap. Service Industries Journal, 17(2), 294-304.
Leboea, S. (2017). The Factors Influencing SME Failure in South Africa (Master of Commerce in Development Finance). University of Cape town, Cape Town.
Letsoalo, S. (2014). Challenges faced by tax compliant microenterprises in Midrand.
Leung, P., Raar, J., & Tangey, G. (2008). Accounting services and SMEs: an Australian study: Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.
Maas, G., Nieman, G., & Nieuwenhuizen, C. (2014). Entering the family business. Nieman, G. and Nieuwenhuizen, C. Entrepreneurship: a South African perspective, 3rded., Pretoria, Van Schaik Publishers, 235-248.
Manzo, M. (2011). Corporate Taxation and SMEs: The Italian Experience.
Maphiri, M. C. (2015). Business rescue in South Africa and its practical application to SME's (small to medium enterprises). University of Cape Town,
Marriott, N., & Marriott, P. (2000). Professional accountants and the development of a management accounting service for the small firm: barriers and possibilities. Management accounting research, 11(4), 475-492.
Marshall, B., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., & Fontenot, R. (2013). Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: A review of qualitative interviews in IS research. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 54(1), 11-22.
Massey, C. L., Ashby, M., Coetzer, A., Lewis, K., & Harris, C. (2005). Who? When? Why?-New Zealand SME Owner-Managers Assess Their Business Assistance Interactions'. Social Scienec Research Network, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=980173.
Mohamed, W. (2017). IFRS for SMEs: the current perception of South African practitioners. (Master of Commerce in Accounting Research Report). University of the Witwatersrand , Johanesburg, Johannesburg.
Mohamed, W., Yasseen, Y., & Omarjee, F. (2019). An exploration of the perceptions of South African accounting practitioners on the post-implementation of the IFRS for SMEs in an institutionalised environment. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 12(1).
Naidoo, T., Patel, A., & Padia, N. (2018). Business rescue practices in South Africa: An explorative view. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 11(1), 9.
Okpara, J. O. (2011). Factors constraining the growth and survival of SMEs in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation. Management Research Review, 34(2), 156-171.
Olawale, F., & Garwe, D. (2010). Obstacles to the growth of new SMEs in South Africa: A principal component analysis approach. African Journal of Business Management, 4(5), 729-738.
Oosthuizen, A. (2018). Predicting the benefits that small business owners obtain from their accounting practitioners. (PhD in Entrepreneurship). University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Parker, L. D. (2001). Back to the future: the broadening accounting trajectory. The British Accounting Review, 33(4), 421-453.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3, 344-347.
Quagli, A., & Paoloni, P. (2012). How is the IFRS for SME accepted in the European context? An analysis of the homogeneity among European countries, users and preparers in the European commission questionnaire. Advances in accounting, 28(1), 147-156.
RSA. (1962). Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. In. Republic of South Africa.
RSA. (2011). The Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011. In. Republic of South Africa.
Schutte, D., & Buys, P. (2011a). A critical analysis of the contents of the IFRS for SMES: a South African perspective. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 14(2), 188-209.
Schutte, D., & Buys, P. (2011b). Cultural considerations and the implementation of IFRS: a focus on small and medium entities. Journal of Social Sciences, 26(1), 19-27.
Sian, S., & Roberts, C. (2009). UK small owner-managed businesses: accounting and financial reporting needs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(2), 289-305.
Small, R., Yasseen, Y., & Sallie, H. (2019). Re-investing : The Professional Accountant. Professional Accountant :Official Journal of the South African Institute of Professional Accountants, 2(35), 8-9.
Smulders, S., & Stiglingh, M. (2008). Annual tax compliance costs for small businesses: a survey of tax practitioners in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 11(3), 354-371.
Soderstrom, N. S., & Sun, K. J. (2007). IFRS adoption and accounting quality: a review. European Accounting Review, 16(4), 675-702.
Thompson, P. (2017a). The Case for SMEs to consider Integrated Thining and Reporting. Retrieved from https://www.ifac.org/global-knowledge-gateway/business-reporting/discussion/case-smes-consider-integrated-thinking-and
Thompson, P. (2017b). How can SMES Implement Integrated Reporting? A starter Kit. Retrieved from https://www.ifac.org/global-knowledge-gateway/business-reporting/discussion/how-can-smes-implement-integrated-reporting
Uyar, A., & Güngörmüş, A. H. (2013). Perceptions and knowledge of accounting professionals on IFRS for SMEs: Evidence from Turkey. Research in Accounting Regulation, 25(1), 77-87.
Van Wyk, H., & Rossouw, J. (2009). IFRS for SMEs in South Africa: a giant leap for accounting, but too big for smaller entities in general. Meditari: Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 17(1), 99-116.
Yonkova, B. (2013). Integrated Reporting and SME. Retrieved from https://www.unwe.bg/uploads/Alternatives/Article11_01.2013.pdf
Abrie, W., & Doussy, E. (2006). Tax compliance obstacles encountered by small and medium enterprises in South Africa. Meditari: Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 14(1), 1-13.
Albu, C., Albu, N., & Fekete, S. (2010). The context of the possible IFRS for SMEs implementation in Romania: an exploratory study. Accounting and Management Information Systems, 9(1), 45-71.
Allee, K. D., & Yohn, T. L. (2009). The demand for financial statements in an unregulated environment: An examination of the production and use of financial statements by privately held small businesses. The Accounting Review, 84(1), 1-25.
Amoako, G. K. (2013). Accounting practices of SMEs: A case study of Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(24), 73.
Atawodi, O. W., & Ojeka, S. A. (2012). Factors that affect tax compliance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(12), 87.
Ball, R. (2006). International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS): pros and cons for investors. Accounting and Business Research, 36(sup1), 5-27.
Bennett, R. J. (2007). Expectations-based evaluation of SME advice and consultancy: an example of business link services. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 14(3), 435-457.
Berry, A. J., Sweeting, R., & Goto, J. (2006). The effect of business advisers on the performance of SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13(1), 33-47.
Berry, A. J., Sweeting, R., & Goto, J. (2007). The effect of business advisers on the performance of SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development.
Blackburn, R., Carey, P., & Tanewski, G. A. (2010). Business advice to SMEs: professional competence, trust and ethics. Retrieved from https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/small-business/rr-119-001.pdf
Blackburn, R., Eadson, W., Lefebvre, R., & Gans, P. (2006). SMEs, regulation and the role of the accountant : Research Report No 96. Retrieved from https://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/2276/1/rr96_01.pdf
Blackburn, R., & Jarvis, R. (2010). The role of small and medium practices in providing business support to small-and medium-sized enterprises. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/43153305_The_role_of_small_and_medium_practices_in_providing_business_support_to_small-and_medium-sized_enterprises
Brunninge, O., Nordqvist, M., & Wiklund, J. (2007). Corporate governance and strategic change in SMEs: The effects of ownership, board composition and top management teams. Small business economics, 29(3), 295-308.
Carey, P., & Tanewski, G. (2016). The provision of business advice to SMEs by external accountants. Managerial Auditing Journal, 31(3), 290-313.
Carmona, S., & Trombetta, M. (2008). On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards: The logic and implications of the principles-based system. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 27(6), 455-461.
Carter, S., Mason, C., & Tagg, S. (2006). Lifting the barriers to growth in UK small businesses. Policy Document, 331.
Chen, D., Lee, F. C., & Mintz, J. M. (2002). Taxation, SMEs and entrepreneurship. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/stiaaa/2002-9-en.html
Collis, J. (2003). Directors' Views on Exemption from the Statutory Audit: A Research Report for the DTI. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/38177412_Director's_Views_on_Accounting_and_Auditing_Requirements_for_SMEs
Collis, J., & Jarvis, R. (2002). Financial information and the management of small private companies. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 9(2), 100-110.
Coolidge, J., Ilic, D., & Kisunko, G. (2009). Small Businesses in South Africa: Who Outsources Tax Compliance Work and Why? Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/4068
Daske, H., Hail, L., Leuz, C., & Verdi, R. (2008). Mandatory IFRS reporting around the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences. Journal of accounting research, 46(5), 1085-1142.
De Villiers, D. (2017). Business Rescue. Retrieved from https://www.saipa.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/BUSINESS-RESCUE-for-SAIPA-Div-de-Villers.pdf
Devi, S., & Samujh, R. (2010). Accountants as providers of support and advice to SMEs in Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/small-business/rr-118-001.pdf
Devos, K. (2013). Factors influencing individual taxpayer compliance behaviour: Springer Science & Business Media.
Døving, E., & Gooderham, P. N. (2005). Small firm accountancy practices as business advisors: a dynamic capabilities view of the scope of their services. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/a0001285/Downloads/A65_05.pdf
Døving, E., & Gooderham, P. N. (2008). Dynamic capabilities as antecedents of the scope of related diversification: the case of small firm accountancy practices. strategic management journal, 29(8), 841-857.
Døving, E., Gooderham, P. N., Morrison, A., & Nordhaug, O. (2004). Small firm accountants as business advisers: accounting for the differences in their provision of business advisory services in Norway and Scotland. Retrieved from https://www.unit.no/vitenarkiv-i-bragekonsortiet
Dyer, L. M., & Ross, C. A. (2008). Seeking advice in a dynamic and complex business environment: Impact on the success of small firms. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 13(02), 133-149.
Evans, C. (2003). Studying the studies: An overview of recent research into taxation operating costs. eJournal of Tax Research, 1(1), 64-92.
Everaert, P., Sarens, G., & Rommel, J. (2007). Sourcing strategy of Belgian SMEs: empirical evidence for the accounting services. Production Planning and Control, 18(8), 716-725.
Fossey, E., Harvey, C., McDermott, F., & Davidson, L. (2002). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 36(6), 717-732.
Gooderham, P. N., Tobiassen, A., Døving, E., & Nordhaug, O. (2004). Accountants as sources of business advice for small firms. International Small Business Journal, 22(1), 5-22.
Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of management journal, 45(1), 58-80.
Halabi, A. K., Barrett, R., & Dyt, R. (2010). Understanding financial information used to assess small firm performance: An Australian qualitative study. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 7(2), 163-179.
Husin, M. A., & Ibrahim, M. D. (2014). The role of accounting services and impact on small medium enterprises (SMEs) performance in manufacturing sector from East Coast Region of Malaysia: A conceptual paper. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115, 54-67.
IASB. (2015). IFRS For SMEs. In. London: IFRS Foundation Publications Department.
IASB. (2018). Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting In International Financial Reporting Standards. London: International Accounting Standards Board.
IFAC. (2016, August 2015). The relationship between Accountancy Expertise and Business performance. Retrieved from https://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/relationship-between-accountancy-expertise-and-business-performance
Jermakowicz, E. K., & Epstein, B. J. (2010). IFRS for SMEs-an option for US private entities? Review of Business, 30(2), 72.
Keasey, K., & Short, H. (1990). The accounting burdens facing small firms: an empirical research note. Accounting and Business Research, 20(80), 307-313.
Kepes, B. (2017). Business Softwarei In The App Age. Computerworld. Retrieved from https://www.computerworld.com/article/3195070/financial-it/automation-and-the-end-of-accounting.html
Kesper, A. (2001). Failing or not aiming to grow? Manufacturing SMMEs and their contribution to employment growth in South Africa. Paper presented at the Urban Forum.
Killian, S., Karlinsky, S. S., Payne, G., & Arendse, J. (2007). Mixed blessing of being designated a small business: A four country comparison. The ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research, 5(1), 16-34.
Kirby, D. A., & King, S. H. (1997). Accountants and small firm development: Filling the expectation gap. Service Industries Journal, 17(2), 294-304.
Leboea, S. (2017). The Factors Influencing SME Failure in South Africa (Master of Commerce in Development Finance). University of Cape town, Cape Town.
Letsoalo, S. (2014). Challenges faced by tax compliant microenterprises in Midrand.
Leung, P., Raar, J., & Tangey, G. (2008). Accounting services and SMEs: an Australian study: Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.
Maas, G., Nieman, G., & Nieuwenhuizen, C. (2014). Entering the family business. Nieman, G. and Nieuwenhuizen, C. Entrepreneurship: a South African perspective, 3rded., Pretoria, Van Schaik Publishers, 235-248.
Manzo, M. (2011). Corporate Taxation and SMEs: The Italian Experience.
Maphiri, M. C. (2015). Business rescue in South Africa and its practical application to SME's (small to medium enterprises). University of Cape Town,
Marriott, N., & Marriott, P. (2000). Professional accountants and the development of a management accounting service for the small firm: barriers and possibilities. Management accounting research, 11(4), 475-492.
Marshall, B., Cardon, P., Poddar, A., & Fontenot, R. (2013). Does sample size matter in qualitative research?: A review of qualitative interviews in IS research. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 54(1), 11-22.
Massey, C. L., Ashby, M., Coetzer, A., Lewis, K., & Harris, C. (2005). Who? When? Why?-New Zealand SME Owner-Managers Assess Their Business Assistance Interactions'. Social Scienec Research Network, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=980173.
Mohamed, W. (2017). IFRS for SMEs: the current perception of South African practitioners. (Master of Commerce in Accounting Research Report). University of the Witwatersrand , Johanesburg, Johannesburg.
Mohamed, W., Yasseen, Y., & Omarjee, F. (2019). An exploration of the perceptions of South African accounting practitioners on the post-implementation of the IFRS for SMEs in an institutionalised environment. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 12(1).
Naidoo, T., Patel, A., & Padia, N. (2018). Business rescue practices in South Africa: An explorative view. Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences, 11(1), 9.
Okpara, J. O. (2011). Factors constraining the growth and survival of SMEs in Nigeria: Implications for poverty alleviation. Management Research Review, 34(2), 156-171.
Olawale, F., & Garwe, D. (2010). Obstacles to the growth of new SMEs in South Africa: A principal component analysis approach. African Journal of Business Management, 4(5), 729-738.
Oosthuizen, A. (2018). Predicting the benefits that small business owners obtain from their accounting practitioners. (PhD in Entrepreneurship). University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Parker, L. D. (2001). Back to the future: the broadening accounting trajectory. The British Accounting Review, 33(4), 421-453.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative interviewing. Qualitative research and evaluation methods, 3, 344-347.
Quagli, A., & Paoloni, P. (2012). How is the IFRS for SME accepted in the European context? An analysis of the homogeneity among European countries, users and preparers in the European commission questionnaire. Advances in accounting, 28(1), 147-156.
RSA. (1962). Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. In. Republic of South Africa.
RSA. (2011). The Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011. In. Republic of South Africa.
Schutte, D., & Buys, P. (2011a). A critical analysis of the contents of the IFRS for SMES: a South African perspective. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 14(2), 188-209.
Schutte, D., & Buys, P. (2011b). Cultural considerations and the implementation of IFRS: a focus on small and medium entities. Journal of Social Sciences, 26(1), 19-27.
Sian, S., & Roberts, C. (2009). UK small owner-managed businesses: accounting and financial reporting needs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 16(2), 289-305.
Small, R., Yasseen, Y., & Sallie, H. (2019). Re-investing : The Professional Accountant. Professional Accountant :Official Journal of the South African Institute of Professional Accountants, 2(35), 8-9.
Smulders, S., & Stiglingh, M. (2008). Annual tax compliance costs for small businesses: a survey of tax practitioners in South Africa. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 11(3), 354-371.
Soderstrom, N. S., & Sun, K. J. (2007). IFRS adoption and accounting quality: a review. European Accounting Review, 16(4), 675-702.
Thompson, P. (2017a). The Case for SMEs to consider Integrated Thining and Reporting. Retrieved from https://www.ifac.org/global-knowledge-gateway/business-reporting/discussion/case-smes-consider-integrated-thinking-and
Thompson, P. (2017b). How can SMES Implement Integrated Reporting? A starter Kit. Retrieved from https://www.ifac.org/global-knowledge-gateway/business-reporting/discussion/how-can-smes-implement-integrated-reporting
Uyar, A., & Güngörmüş, A. H. (2013). Perceptions and knowledge of accounting professionals on IFRS for SMEs: Evidence from Turkey. Research in Accounting Regulation, 25(1), 77-87.
Van Wyk, H., & Rossouw, J. (2009). IFRS for SMEs in South Africa: a giant leap for accounting, but too big for smaller entities in general. Meditari: Research Journal of the School of Accounting Sciences, 17(1), 99-116.
Yonkova, B. (2013). Integrated Reporting and SME. Retrieved from https://www.unwe.bg/uploads/Alternatives/Article11_01.2013.pdf
Published
2020-10-19
How to Cite
Yasseen, Y., Stegmann, N., & Crous, F. (2020). A Developing Economy Perspective into the ‘Traditional Roles’ of the Professional Accountant within South African SMEs.: Array. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 16(6). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/AUDOE/article/view/545
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Business Administration and Business Economics
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