Socio-Demographic and Educational Determinants of Labor Market Participation in Albania

Abstract

Objectives: This study examines the socio-demographic and economic determinants of employment probability in Albania, with particular emphasis on gender differences. Prior Work: Existing research highlights the importance of human capital, demographic structure, and gender norms in shaping labor market outcomes. However, limited empirical evidence provides gender-disaggregated econometric analysis for Albania. Approach: Using nationally representative microdata from the Albanian Demographic and Health Survey, the study estimates separate binary logistic regression models for women and men. Employment status is modeled as a function of education level, demographic characteristics, and socio-economic indicators. Results: Education is positively associated with employment for both genders, with a stronger effect among women. Marriage and parenthood reduce women’s employment probability but increase it for men. Regional and wealth disparities significantly influence employment outcomes. Implications: The findings highlight the persistence of structural gender inequalities and emphasize the need for gender-sensitive labor market and social policies. Value: The study contributes gender-disaggregated econometric evidence on employment determinants in Albania and advances understanding of structural labor market inequalities in transition economies. It is a historical snapshot of the period following the global financial crisis and serve as a benchmark for comparison with more recent studies, filling a gap in the literature and paving the way for future research using updated data.