Push and Pull Factors for Domestic Leisure Travel in Mtubatuba Local Municipality, South Africa
Keywords:
domestic tourism; push factors; pull factors; leisure travel; sub-Saharan AfricaAbstract
This study explores the main motivators (push-pull factors) for South African residents to participate in domestic leisure travel, using Mtubatuba Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal as a case. Structured questionnaire was used to collect usable data from 400 respondents. Results show that seeking social interaction, relaxation, exploring different activities and cultures, visiting friend and relatives, and escape from normal routine are the push factors for residents to travel domestically. Pull factors driving domestic tourism in South Africa include the beauty of South Africa’s natural resources, its diverse history and culture, and excellent recreational facilities. Young (18-30 years of age), female, and employed residents, and those with tertiary education, demonstrate higher demand for domestic tourism than their counterparts. It is therefore recommended that domestic tourism marketing efforts by South African Tourism should be increased on these demographic groups. Intensive and continuous domestic tourism awareness, competitive pricing (through reduced operational costs), and further improvements on national security are areas that still need national attention. International or foreign demand for South Africa as a tourism destination can be induced and maintained through domestic tourism support.
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Tavakol, M. & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2(1), pp. 53-55.
Tichaawa, T. M. & Mhlanga, O. (2015). Resident’s perceptions towards the impact of tourism development: the case of Victoria falls, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(1), pp. 1-15.
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Veal, A. J. (2011). Research methods for leisure and tourism: A practical guide. 4th Ed. Harlow, UK: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Wang, D. G. (2004). Push-pull factors in mountain resorts. Chinese Geographical Science, 14(4), 368-376.
Yiamjanya, S. & Wongleedee, K. (2014). International tourists’ travel motivation by push-pull factors and the decision making for selecting Thailand as destination choice. International Journal of Social, Education, Economics and Management Engineering, 8(5), pp. 1326-1331.
Zgolli, S. and Zaiem, I. (2017). Customer-to-customer interaction in tourism experience: Moderating role of nationality. Arab Economic and Business Journal, 12(1), pp. 44-56.
Andereck, K. L. & Nyaupane, G. (2010). Exploring the nature of tourism and quality of life perceptions among resident. Journal of Travel Research, 50(3), pp. 248-260.
Argyrous, G. (2011). Statistics for research: with a guide to SPSS. 3rd Ed. Los Angeles(CA): SAGE.
Baniya, R. & Paudel, K. (2016). An Analysis of Push and Pull Travel Motivations of Domestic Tourists in Nepal. Journal of Management and Development Studies, 27, pp. 16-30.
Binns, T. & Nel, E. (2002). Tourism as a local development strategy in South Africa. Geographical Journal, 168(3), pp. 235-247.
Bolboacă, S. D.; Jäntschi, L.; Sestraş, A. F. Sestraş, R. E. & Pamfil, D. C. (2011). Pearson-Fisher Chi-Square Statistic Revisited. Information, (2), pp. 528-554.
Chawla, D & Sondhi, N. (2011). Research Methodology: Concepts and Cases. London/ New Delhi: Vikas Publishing house.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Doran, R. , Larsen, S. & Wolff, K. (2015). Different but Similar: Social Comparison of Travel Motives Among Tourists. International Journal of Tourism Research, 17, pp. 555–563.
Erislan, M. M. (2016). Tourist attraction and the uniqueness of resources on tourist destination in west Java, Indonesia. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 5 (1), pp. 251-266.
Ezeuduji, I. O. & Mbane, T. L. (2017). Business Administration and Business Economics. Acta Universitatis Danubius Oeconomica, 13(2), pp. 5-16.
Ezeuduji, I. O. , November, K. L. & Haupt, C. (2016). Tourist Activity and Destination Brand Perception: The Case of Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 8(4), pp. 156-168.
George, D. & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11. 0 update. 4th Ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Jacobs, C. & du Plessis, E. (2019). Motivation based segmentation of South African surfers: a descriptive analysis. In ISCONTOUR 2019 Tourism Research Perspectives: Proceedings of the International Student Conference in Tourism Research. Potchefstroom: North West University.
Jensen, S. & Svendsen, G. T. (2016). Social trust, safety and the choice of tourist destination. Business and Management Horizons, 4(1), pp. 1-9.
Kanagara, J. & Bindu, T. (2013). An analysis of push and pull travel motivation of domestic tourists in Kerala. International Journal of management & business Studies, 3(2), pp. 112-118.
Khuong, M. N. & Ha, T. T. H. (2014). The influence of push and pull factors on the international leisure tourists, Return intention to Ho Chi Minh City, Vietinam- A mediation analysis of destination satisfaction. Internal Journal of Trade Economic and Finance, 5(6), pp. 490-496.
Litheko, A. M. & Potgieter, M. (2016). Residents’ awareness and support of tourism in Mafikeng, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(2), pp. 1-17.
Makhaola, L. J. (2017). The significance of domestic Tourism in Durban, South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6 (4), pp. 1-15.
Manwa, H. & Modirapula, T. (2019). The role of Botsalano Game Reserve in sustainable livelihoods and poverty alleviation through community-based tourism development in South Africa. African Renaissance, 16(1), pp. 313-333.
Moisa, C. O. (2010). Aspects of Youth Travel Demand. Annales Universtatis Aplensis Series Oeconomica, 12(2), pp. 575-582.
Moon, B. Y. , Yang, S. H. & Lee, T. J. (2019). Married immigrant women’s VFR tourism as the way to ethnic minority group acculturation. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 17(4), pp. 544–561.
Mtubatuba Municipality. (2017). Local Economic Development. Available at http://www. kzntopbusiness. co. za/site/mtubatuba-municipality. Accessed August 14, 2019.
Muchapondwa, E. & Stage, J. (2013). The economic impacts of tourism in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa: Is poverty subsiding? Natural Resources Forum, 37(2), pp. 80-89.
Nassuna, S. (2019). Assessment of the factors that influence domestic tourism in the central regions of Kampala. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. Kampala: Makerere University.
Njagi, C. W.; Ndivo, R. M & Manyara, G. (2017) Understanding the travel motivation among youth travellers in Kenya: The “push” and “pull” paradigm. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 6(1), pp. 1-16.
Nkwanyana, M. S. , Ezeuduji, I. O & Nzama, A. T. (2016). Cultural Heritage Tourism in South Africa: Perceived a Panacea for Rural Development? Acta Universitatis Danubius Oeconmica, 12(6), pp. 160-167.
Nyawo, J. & Mubangizi, B. C. (2015) Art and Craft in local economic development: Tourism possibilities in Mtubatuba Local Municipality. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2), pp. 1-15.
Pesonen, J. A. (2012). Segmentation of rural tourists: Combining push and pull motivations. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(1), pp. 69-82.
Pham, K. , Andereck, K. & Vogt, C. (2019). Local residents’ perceptions about tourism development. Travel and Tourism Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally. Available at https://scholarworks. umass. edu/ttra/2019/research_papers/74. Accessed October 11, 2019.
Phau, I. , Lee, S. & Quintal, V. (2013). An investigation of push and pull motivations of visitors to private parks: The case of Arulven Botanic Park. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 19(3), pp. 269-284.
Reihanian, A.; Hin, T. W.; Kahrom, E.; Mahmood, N. B. & Porshokouh, A. B. (2015). An examination of the effects of push and pull factors on Iranian national parks: Boujagh National park. International Journal of Social Sciences and management, 13(3), pp. 197-206.
Rogerson, C. M. (2011). Urban tourism and regional tourists: Shopping in Johannesburg, South Africa. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 102 (3), pp. 316-330.
Sarin, C. 2015. Travelling the world: A study on people’s travelling habits. A Bachelor’s Thesis submitted to Centria University of Applied Sciences. Kokkola, Finland: Centria University of Applied Sciences.
Shukor, M. S.; Salleh, N. H. M. & Idris, S. H. M. (2017). An evaluation of the effects of motivation, satisfaction on destination loyalty: case study tourism Malaysia. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 4(2), pp. 137-147.
South African Tourism Report (2018). State of tourism report, South Africa. Available at https://www. google. co. za/search?rlz=1C1RUCY_enZA846&ei=pd7GXLP8Oeaq1fAPs_O04A0&q=South+Africa+Tourism+Report%2C+2018+pdf&oq=South+Africa+Tourism+Report%2C+2018+pdf. Accessed February 20, 2019.
Sridhar, S.; Suprabha, B. S.; Shenoy, R.; Shwetha, K. T. & Rao, A. (2019). Effect of a relaxation training exercise on behaviour, anxiety, and pain during buccal infiltration anaesthesia in children: Randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 29(5), pp. 596-602.
Tavakol, M. & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2(1), pp. 53-55.
Tichaawa, T. M. & Mhlanga, O. (2015). Resident’s perceptions towards the impact of tourism development: the case of Victoria falls, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(1), pp. 1-15.
Tourism KwaZulu-Natal (2019). Tourism boom. Available at https://www. zulu. org. za/. Accessed February 28, 2019.
Veal, A. J. (2011). Research methods for leisure and tourism: A practical guide. 4th Ed. Harlow, UK: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Wang, D. G. (2004). Push-pull factors in mountain resorts. Chinese Geographical Science, 14(4), 368-376.
Yiamjanya, S. & Wongleedee, K. (2014). International tourists’ travel motivation by push-pull factors and the decision making for selecting Thailand as destination choice. International Journal of Social, Education, Economics and Management Engineering, 8(5), pp. 1326-1331.
Zgolli, S. and Zaiem, I. (2017). Customer-to-customer interaction in tourism experience: Moderating role of nationality. Arab Economic and Business Journal, 12(1), pp. 44-56.
Published
2020-06-03
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Ezeuduji, I. O. ., & Dlomo, N. C. . (2020). Push and Pull Factors for Domestic Leisure Travel in Mtubatuba Local Municipality, South Africa: Array. EuroEconomica, 39(2). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/EE/article/view/296
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