Current Strategies to Prevent Terrorism in Europe
Keywords:
combat; security; strategy; terrorism; threatAbstract
One of the main threats to freedom of movement, security and justice is terrorism, a denial of democracy and human rights and, at the same time, a threat that does not recognize borders and affects countries and citizens, regardless of their geographical location. The European Union aims to be a guarantor of these rights, and for European citizens to have confidence that wherever they travel in the EU, their freedom and security are well protected.
Individuals and groups should not promote their political goals through terror, challenge the democratic values of societies and jeopardize the rights and freedoms of citizens. Acts of terrorism are criminal and unjustified and must be treated as such in all circumstances. Combating cross-border crime and terrorism is a common European responsibility and EU member states have a primary responsibility for ensuring security, and cooperation is essential for the fight against terrorism.
References
- Cunningham, Chase. (2020). Cyber Warfare – Truth, Tactics, and Strategies.
- C. Wilson, Computer Attack and Cyber Terrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress.
- D.E. Denning, Stuxnet: What Has Changed?.
- L. Franceschi-Bicchierai, The History of Stuxnet: The World’s First True Cyberweapon.
- Haglund, J. (2017). A Case Study of Four Recent High-Impact Malware Attacks.
- Huntington, Samuel P. (1997). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon & Schuster, Sydney.
- R. Bejtlich. (2018). Duqu 2.0 The Most Sophisticated Malware Ever Seen.
- van Creveld, Martin. (2015). A History of Strategy from Sun Tzu to William S. Lind, Castalia House Kouvola, Finland.
Official documents:
- EU Security Union Strategy 2020-2025
- Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social committee and the Committee of the Regions on the EU Security Union Strategy, 2020.
- Council Conclusions on the Renewed European Union Internal Security Strategy 2015-2020.
- The European Agenda on Security, 2019.
- SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) Yearbook 2019: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.
- Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions Preventing Radicalisation to Terrorism and Violent Extremism: Strengthening the EU's Response, 2018.
- UCDP (Uppsala Conflict Data Program) –2018 Report.
- Directive (EU) 2017/853 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 amending Council Directive 91/477 / EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.
- Study Group Report on International Law & Cyber Terrorism, 31 July 2016.
- Article 27 (3) of the Treaty on European Union, as amended by the Treaty of Lisbon.
- Pathways for Peace (Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict).
- United Nations, Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, Working Group Compendium, Countering the Use of the Internet for Terrorist Purposes – Legal and Technical Aspects.
- Strategic Concept for the Defence and Security of The Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Adopted by Heads of State and Government in Lisbon. Active Engagement, Modern Defence.
- The Millennium Project: Global Futures Studies&Research.
Internet:
- https://www.visionofhumanity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GPI_2020_web.pdf
- https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/GTI-2019web.pdf
- https://www.sipri.org/databases
- Defence Against Terrorism Programme of Work (DAT POW), https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_50313.htm#:~:text=The%20aim%20of%20the%20Alliance%27s,as%20attacks%20on%20critical%20infrastructure.
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