The impact of export goods and services on Iraq's gross domestic product from 1972 to 2022

Authors

Keywords:

Exports of goods and services, GDP, Least Squares model, Johansen Cointegration test, and Iraq.

Abstract

This study aims to investigate and analyze the effects of exports of goods and services on GDP and the relationship between exports of goods and services and GDP from 1972 to 2022 in Iraq using annual data from the World Bank database. This study suggests having a positive impact of exports of goods and services on GDP and intended to have a long-run relationship between exports of goods and services and GDP. According to the results of the Least Squares Model which show that exports of goods and services have a positive impact on GDP. According to the results of the Johansen Cointegration Test, there is a long-term relationship between exports of goods and services and GDP in the Iraqi economy from 1972 to 2022. 

References

Abdullah, R. T., & Husain, A. J. (2022). The Effect of Export on Economic Growth in Iraq for the period of (2004-2019). Journal of Kurdistani for Strategic Studies, 22(7).‏175-171.

Aktaş, C. (2009). Türkiye'nin ihracat ithalat ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik analizi. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(18), 35-47.

Al Zubaidi, R. S., & Abd Al Kadhem, Z. S. (2019). Oil production and exports in Iraq for the period (1990-2016). Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 1(34).

Alam, H. M. (2011). An econometric analysis of export-led growth hypothesis: Reflections from Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 2(12), 329-341.‏

Altıntaş, M. H., & Özdemir, E. (2006). İhracat işletmelerinin uluslararasılaşması: Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lere yönelik bir araştırma. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), ‏183-204.

Bakari, S., & Mabrouki, M. (2016). The Relationship among exports, imports and economic growth in Turkey," MPRA Paper 76044, University Library of Munich, Germany.

Bamber, D., Saleh, F., & Panditharathna, R. (2023). The Iraqi oil industry: history and overview. European Journal of Political Science Studies, 6(1), 39-50.‏

Destan, E. (2022). Türkiye’de iller ve sektörler açısından ihracat ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi (Master's thesis, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).‏

Dritsaki, C. (2013). Causal nexus between economic growth, exports and government debt: The case of Greece. Procedia Economics and Finance, 5, 251-259.

Ehinomen, C., & Daniel, O. O. (2012). Export and economic growth Nexus in Nigeria. Management Science and Engineering, 6(4), 132-141.‏

El-Sakka, M. I., & Al-Mutairi, N. H. (2000). Exports and economic growth: The Arab experience. The Pakistan Development Review, 39(2), 153-169.‏

Faridi, M. Z. (2012). Contribution of agricultural exports to economic growth in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Science, 6(1), 133-146.

Heitger, B. (1987). Import protection and export performance: Their impact on economic growth. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 123(2), 249–261.

Hussein, A. W., & Mohammud, H. S. (2022). The Impact of Tax Revenue on Economic Growth in Turkey from 2010 to 2020. Journal of Danubian Studies and Research, 12(1).‏ 100-109.

Kartikasari, D. (2017). The effect of export, import and investment to economic growth of Riau Islands Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(4), 663-667.

Lancaster, K. (1980). Intra-industry trade under perfect monopolistic competition. Journal of international Economics, 10(2), 151-175.‏

Maddala, G. S., & Lahiri, K. (1992). Introduction to econometrics. New York: Macmillan.‏

Mahadika, I. N., Kalayci, S., & Altun, N. (2017). Relationship between GDP, foreign direct investment and export volume: Evidence from Indonesia. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 8(1), 51-54.‏

Mehrara, M., & Firouzjaee, B. A. (2011). Granger causality relationship between export growth and GDP growth in developing countries: panel cointegration approach. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(16), 223-231.‏

Nain, M. Z., & Ahmad, W. (2010). Export-Led Growth Hypothesis in India: Some Further Evidences. IUP Journal of Monetary Economics, 8(3).‏ 69-82.

Nguyen, T. H. (2016). Impact of export on economic growth in vietnam: empirical research and recommendations. International Business and Management, 13(3), 45-52.‏

Noula, G.A., Gustave, L.S. and Munchunga, D.G. (2013). Impact of Agricultural Export on Economic Growth in Cameroon: Case of Banana, Coffee, and Cocoa. International Journal of Business and Management Review, 1, 44-71.

OEC.World, Historical Data (2020). Iraq (IRQ) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity https://oec.world/en/profile/country/irq/

Oktav, M., Kavas, A., Önce, G., & Tanyeri, M. (1990). Orta ve Küçük İşletmelerde İhracata Yönelik Pazarlama Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri. Ankara: TOBB Yayınları.‏

Shawa, M. J., & Shen, Y. (2013). Causality relationship between foreign direct investment, GDP growth and export for Tanzania. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(9), 13-19.‏

Siaw, A., Jiang, Y., Pickson, R. B., & Dunya, R. (2018). Agricultural exports and economic growth: A disaggregated analysis for Ghana. Theoretical Economics Letters, 8(11), 2251-2270.

Szkorupová, Z. (2014). A causal relationship between foreign direct investment, economic growth and export for Slovakia. Procedia economics and finance, 15, 123-128.

Takim, A. (2010). Türkiye’de GSYİH ile ihracat arasındaki ilişki: granger nedensellik testi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(2), 315-330.‏

Trost, M., & Bojnec, S. (2016). Export-led growth: The case of the Slovenian and Estonian economies. Post-Communist Economies, 28(3), 373-383.

Ugochukwu, U. S., & Chinyere, U. P. (2013). The impact of export trading on economic growth in Nigeria. International journal of economics, Business and finance, 1(10), 327-341.‏

Vernon R (1966). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. Quarter Journal of Economics, No.80: 290-307.

Published

2023-12-05

How to Cite

Hussein, A. W., & TAŞAR, İzzet . (2023). The impact of export goods and services on Iraq’s gross domestic product from 1972 to 2022. Journal of Danubian Studies and Research, 13(2). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/JDSR/article/view/2588

Issue

Section

Miscellanea