Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, Vol. 12, No. 3
Abstract
Future directions, explained as entrepreneurs’ intention to collaborate may play an important
role in endurance, sustainability and growth of entrepreneurial businesses. Based on the theoretical
foundation of entrepreneur’s goals attainment theory, this research aimed to empirically investigate the
influence of entrepreneurs’ personal goals attainment on their intentions to collaborate with other
businesses. Self-administered survey questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from 285
conveniently-selected Malaysian SME entrepreneurs. The Multiple Regression Analyses of the
collected data revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurs’
intrinsic reward goals attainment and their intention to collaborate. On the other hand, it is found that
attainment of economic gains, perceived autonomy and family concern goals have no relationship with
entrepreneurs’ intention to collaborate. The concluding part of this paper presents the study implications
along with limitations of this study and some future recommendations.
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Kuratko, D.F., Hornsby, J.S. & Naffziger, D.W. (1997). An examination of owner’s goals in sustaining
entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(1): 24-33.
Locke, E. A. & Latham, G. P. (2006). New directions in goal-setting theory. Current Directions In
Psychological Science, 15(5): 265-268.
Moore, C.W., Petty, J.W., Palich, L.E. & Longenecker, J.G. (2010). Managing small business: An
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Naffziger, D.W., Hornsby, J.S. & Kuratko, D.F. (1994). A proposed research model of entrepreneurial
motivation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(1): 29-42.
Norusis, M.J. (2008). SPSS 16.0: Statistical procedures companion. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Robichaud, Y., McGraw, E. & Roger, A. (2001). Toward the development of a measuring instrument
for entrepreneurial motivation. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 6(1): 189-202.
Sadler–Smith, E., Hampson, Y., Chaston, I. & Badger, B. (2003). Managerial behavior, entrepreneurial
style, and small firm performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(1): 47-67.
Shane, S.A., Kolvereid, L. & Westhead, P. (1991). An exploratory examination of the reasons leading
to new firm formation across country and gender. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(6): 431-446.
Shane, S.A, Locke, E.A. & Collins, C.J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource
Management Review, 13: 257-279.
Stokes, D. & Wilson, N. (2010). Small business management and entrepreneurship. 6th edition. London:
Cengage Learning.
Terjesen, S., Elam, A. & Brush, C.G. (2011). Gender and new venture creation. In Hindle, K., Klyver,
K. (Eds). Handbook of Research on New Venture Creation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 85-98.
Wang, C., Walker, E.A. & Redmond, J. (2006). ownership motivation and strategic planning in small
business. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability. 11 (4): Special Issue – initiate 21,
available at: www.asiaentrepreneurshipjournal.com (accessed May 31, 2016).
Processes, 50(2): 179-211.
Benzing, C. & Chu, H.M. (2009). A comparison of small business owners in Africa. Journal of Small
Business and Enterprise Development, 16: 60-77.
Benzing, C.; Chu, H.M. & Kara, O. (2009). Entrepreneurs in Turkey: A factor analysis of motivations,
success factors, and problems. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(1): 58–91.
Bhide, A. (1996). The questions every entrepreneur must answer. Harvard Business Review, 74(6):
120-130.
Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management
Review, 13(3): 442-453.
Birley, S. & Westhead, P. (1994). A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their impact on firm
growth and size. Journal of Business Venturing, 9(1): 7-31.
Chaganti, R. & Greene, P.G. (2002). Who are ethnic entrepreneurs? A study of entrepreneurs’s ethnic
involvement and business characteristics. Journal of Small Business Management, 40(2): 126-143.
Cooper, D.R. & Schindler, P.S. (2008). Business research methods. 10th edition. Singapore: McGraw-
Hill.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and
research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Delmar, F. & Wiklund, J. (2008). The effect of small business managers’ growth motivation on firm
growth: A longitudinal study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(3): 437-457.
DeTienne, D.R., Shepherd, D.A. & Castro, J.O.D. (2008). The fallacy of “Only the Strong Survive”:
The effects of extrinsic motivation on the persistence decisions for under-performing firms. Journal of
Business Venturing, 23(5): 528-546.
Dunkelberg, W., Moore, C., Scott, J. & Stull, W. (2013). Do entrepreneurial goals matter? Resource
allocation in new owner-managed firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2): 225-240.
Dutta, D. K. & Thornhill, S. (2008). The evolution of growth intentions: Toward a cognition-based
model. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(3): 307-332.
Emmons, R. A. (1989). The personal striving approach to personality. In Lawrence P. A. (ed.). Goal
concepts in personality and social psychology. pp. 87-126, Hillsdale, England: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Inc.
Gillham, B. (2000). Developing a questionnaire. London: Continuum.
Hair Jr., J.H., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E. & Tatham, R.L. (2006). Multivariate data
analysis. Sixth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education International.
Hizam-Hanafiah, M. (2012). The relationship between goal attainment and intention to remain in a
franchise system in Malaysia. University of Essex: Unpublished PhD thesis.
Hizam-Hanafiah, M. (2014). Does goal attainment shape perceived entrepreneurial success: a study of
franchisee entrepreneur in Malaysia. Proceeding The 13th Eurasia Business and Economics Society
(EBES) Conference, pp. 1587-1615, Istanbul, 2014, June. Istanbul: Eurasia (CD-ROM).
Hizam-Hanafiah, M., Yousaf, S. U. & Hashim, N. A. (2015). Does personal goals attainment influence
entrepreneurs’ intention to invest? a study of Malaysian SME entrepreneurs. Proceeding The 2nd
CHREST International Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 2015. April. Kuala Lumpur: CHREST (CD-ROM).
Jayawarna, D., Rouse, J. & Kitching, J. (2011). Entrepreneur motivations and life course. International
Small Business Journal, 29(1): 1-23.
Kaiser, H.F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39: 31-36.
Kinnear, P.R. & Gray, C.D. (2009). SPSS 16 Made Simple. East Sussex: Psychology Press.
Kuratko, D.F., Hornsby, J.S. & Naffziger, D.W. (1997). An examination of owner’s goals in sustaining
entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(1): 24-33.
Locke, E. A. & Latham, G. P. (2006). New directions in goal-setting theory. Current Directions In
Psychological Science, 15(5): 265-268.
Moore, C.W., Petty, J.W., Palich, L.E. & Longenecker, J.G. (2010). Managing small business: An
entrepreneurial emphasis. 15th Edition. Singapore: South-Western.
Naffziger, D.W., Hornsby, J.S. & Kuratko, D.F. (1994). A proposed research model of entrepreneurial
motivation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(1): 29-42.
Norusis, M.J. (2008). SPSS 16.0: Statistical procedures companion. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Robichaud, Y., McGraw, E. & Roger, A. (2001). Toward the development of a measuring instrument
for entrepreneurial motivation. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 6(1): 189-202.
Sadler–Smith, E., Hampson, Y., Chaston, I. & Badger, B. (2003). Managerial behavior, entrepreneurial
style, and small firm performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(1): 47-67.
Shane, S.A., Kolvereid, L. & Westhead, P. (1991). An exploratory examination of the reasons leading
to new firm formation across country and gender. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(6): 431-446.
Shane, S.A, Locke, E.A. & Collins, C.J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human Resource
Management Review, 13: 257-279.
Stokes, D. & Wilson, N. (2010). Small business management and entrepreneurship. 6th edition. London:
Cengage Learning.
Terjesen, S., Elam, A. & Brush, C.G. (2011). Gender and new venture creation. In Hindle, K., Klyver,
K. (Eds). Handbook of Research on New Venture Creation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 85-98.
Wang, C., Walker, E.A. & Redmond, J. (2006). ownership motivation and strategic planning in small
business. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability. 11 (4): Special Issue – initiate 21,
available at: www.asiaentrepreneurshipjournal.com (accessed May 31, 2016).
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Published
2021-06-03
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Collective Authors. (2021). Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, Vol. 12, No. 3: Array. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Œconomica, 12(3). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/AUDOE/article/view/1112
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