Major Challenges for EU Tourism Policy
Keywords:
European Union, Policy, Tourism, ChallengesAbstract
Tourism is the one of the sectors that developing fastest and growing globally in the last thirty years. Because of tourism has affected a wide range of areas, especially economic growth, education, employment, and social development, it has become a critical component of socio-economic development and prosperity for both developed and developing countries.
EU member states are among the most important and spearheaded destinations for travellers. Italy, Germany, France and Spain are among the top 10 global destinations in Europe. Even though the tourism sector is an important industry in the EU, tourism industry has encountered some difficulties and challenges in the region. These difficulties force the EU to act together with the member countries. The EU is endeavoring to take better action on tourism because of its positive impact on other industries.
In the light of this information the aim of the research is to evaluate the priority of tourism policies of the EU and determine its challenges. The results of the study showed that The EU does not have a common tourism policy that includes common rules, applications and principles between member states. But it doesn't mean that Eu do not have any policies regarding the tourism sector. The EU has many activities under the other policy headings, but it developed in a limited way. Even though there are many challenges that the EU must overcome, it's clear that creating a common tourism policy between member states has a vital importance for the EU economy and society.
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Aslan, Sevinç and Akın Gönül, (2016). Avrupa turizm politikaları çerçevesinde yapısal fonların değerlendirilmesi, Akademik Bakış Dergisi, sayı: 55.
Beck, D. (2018). Inventory of policies related to sustainable tourism. Budapest, Hungary: Interreg-Danube.
Cardoso, C. ve Ferreira, L. (2000). The effects of European economic integration on tourism: challenges and opportunities for Portuguese tourism development. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 12 (7): 401-408.
CBI Ministry of Foreign Trends (2016). Which trends offer opportunities on the European outbound tourism market?. https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/tourism/trends/. accessed 10.12.2021
Commission of the European Communities (2001). Commission Communication to the Council, The European Parliament, The Economic and Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions report, Com 665. Final, 3, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2001:0665:FIN:en:PDF. accessed 10.12.2021
Corbeta Shaen, John F. O’ Connellb, Marina Efthymioua, Cathal Guiomarda , Brian Luceyc (2019). The impact of terrorism on European tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, Volume 75, March, 1-17.
Crouch, G.I., & Ritchie, J.R.B. (2006). Destination competitiveness. International handbook on economics of tourism (ed. By Dwyer, L. & Forsyth, P.), Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Çeti, B. & Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Salgın hastalıklar sebebiyle oluşan krizlerin turizm sektörü üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 109-128.
Dinçer, Fusun (1997). Avrupa birliği’nde turizm ve uygulanan politikalar, İstanbul: Der Yayınevi.
Directive (2015). Directive (EU) 2015/2302 of the European parliament and of the council of 25 november 2015 on package travel and linked travel arrangements, amending regulation (ec) no 2006/2004 and directive 2011/83/eu of the European parliament and of the council and repealing council directive 90/314/eec. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/d9 accessed 10.01.2022
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EU2017 (2017). 16. European tourism forum. 2017. https://www.eu2017.ee/political-meetings/16th-european-tourism-forum accessed 10.10.2021.
European Parliament (2017). Major challenges for EU tourism and policy response. https://aer.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Major-challenges-for-EU-tourism-and-policy-response.pdf accessed 10.10.2021.
European Commission (2021b). Attitudes on vaccination against Covid-19. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2512 accessed 15.10.2021.
European Commission (2021c). The EU digital covid certificate: a global standard with more than 591 million certificates. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_5267 accessed 15.10.2021.
European Commission (2013). Overview of EU tourism policy. https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/tourism/policy-overview_en accessed 15.11.2021.
European Commission (2016). A renewed EU tourism policy: towards a stronger partnership for EU tourism”, Brussels, 17 March 2016.
European Commission (2021a). Shengen area. https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen accessed 15.09.2021.
European Parliament (2021a). Re-starting tourism in the EU amid the pandemic. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/696166/EPRS_BRI(2021)696166_EN.pdf accessed 15.11.2021.
European Parliament (2015). Tourism and the European union recent trends and policy development, September.
European Parliament(2017). http://www.europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/displayFtu.html?ftuId=FTU_5.6.13.html. accessed 15.11.2021.
European Parliament (2021b). Relaunching transport and tourism in the EU after COVID-19. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2021/690884/IPOL_STU(2021)690884_EN.pdf accessed 15.11.2021.
European Parliamentary Research Center (2014). The European Union and tourism challenges and policy responses. https://epthinktank.eu/2014/03/14/the-european-union-and-tourism-challenges-and-policy-responses/tourism1/ accessed 15.11.2021.
European Travel Commission (2021). ETC’s Response to COVID 19. https://etc-corporate.org/covid-19/ accessed 15.11.2021.
Eurostat (2020). Basic figures on the EU second quarter 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/4031688/10984865/KS-GL-20-002-EN-N.pdf/47a998f2-30a0-c16c-414a-f8224080eea5 accessed 12.10.2021.
Eurostat (2021b). Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments by residents/non-residents. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tin00175/default/table?lang=en accessed 12.10.2021.
Foris, Diana, Popescu Maria and Foris Tiberiu (2018). Comprehensive review of the quality approach in tourism, in book Mobilities, tourism and travel behavior - contexts and boundaries.
Gözde Emekli (2005). Avrupa Birliği’nde turizm politikaları ve Türkiye’de kültürel turizm. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 14, 99 – 107.
Ivanov, Stanislav, Margarita Gavrilina, Craig Webster & Vladyslav Ralko (2017) Impacts of political instability on the tourism industry in Ukraine. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism. Leisure and Events, 9:1, 100-127, DOI: 10.1080/19407963.2016.1209677
Juul, M. (2015). Tourism and the European Community. https://doi.org/10.2861/310682
Karakuş, Görkem (2003). AB turizm politikası. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı.
Neumayer, E. (2004). The impact of political violence on tourism: dynamic cross-national estimation. The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(2), 259–281
Özkan, Yusuf (2021). Dijital Covid Sertifikası: AB içinde aşı sertifikasıyla kısıtlamasız seyahat dönemi başladı, Türkiye 'güvenli ülkeler' listesinde yok. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-57666780 accessed 12.11.2021.
Panasiuk, Aleksander, and Ewa Wszendybył-Skulska (2021). Social aspects of tourism policy in the european union. the examples of Poland and Slovakia. Economies 9: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9010016 accessed 12.11.2021.
Pırnar İge and Miral, Ceren (2018). EU tourism policy and Turkey's situation during the adapting process. Conference Turkey and EU: from past to the future, IKV.
Pratt, S. (2020). A rejoinder to misleading articles about misleading media coverage: a case of COVID-19. Anatolia, Vol. 31 No. 3, 514-518, doi: 10.1080/13032917.2020.1774999.
Statista (2021). Change in international tourist arrivals in Europe due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic from January 2019 to May 2021 https://www.statista.com/statistics/1229666/monthly-change-in-tourist-arrivals-in-europe-coronavirus/ accessed 12.11.2021.
Song H., Gartnerb W. C., and Tascic A. (2012). Visa restrictions and their adverse economic and marketing implications-Evidence from China. Tourism Management, 33(2), 397-412.
Timothy, J. D., & Saarinen, J. (2013). cross border cooperation and tourism in Europe. In Carlos Costa, Emese Panyik, & D. Buhalis (Eds.). Trends in European Tourism Planning and Organisation, UK: Channel View, 64-74.
Titu, Mihail Aurel; Raulea, Andreea Simina and Titu Stefan (2016). Measuring service quality in tourism ındustry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 221, 294 – 301.
Tüsiad (2012). Sürdürülebilir turizm. Rapor, Eylül .https://tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/6030-surdurulebilir-turizm. accessed: 12.12.2021
United Nations, (2020). Tourism: Europe is one of the hardest hit regions by COVID-19, https://unric.org/en/tourism-europe-is-one-of-the-hardest-hit-regions-by-covid-19/ accessed: 12.11.2021.
UNWTO (2021a). Vaccines and reopen borders driving tourism’s recovery. https://www.unwto.org/news/vaccines-and-reopen-borders-driving-tourism-s-recovery, 2021. accessed 12.11.2021.
UNWTO (2021b). Restarting tourism. https://www.unwto.org/restarting-tourism https://portugalcleanandsafe.com/en accessed 12.01.2022.
Vodeb, Ksenija (2012). Service sector in terms of changing environment competition in tourism in terms of changing environment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 44, 273 – 278.
Outworld in Data (2021). Covid 19 vaccinations. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations. accessed 12.01.2022.
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2022-03-11
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Çankaya Kurnaz, S., & Kurnaz, A. (2022). Major Challenges for EU Tourism Policy: Array. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Relationes Internationales, 15(1). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/AUDRI/article/view/1547
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