Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Elite Theory Explanation
Keywords:
Political partiesAbstract
The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of political parties on democratic consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic (2010 -2019). Political parties are the engine room of democratic societies and without them; there will be no genuine democracy. The Fourth Republic in Nigeria witnessed revitalised activities of political parties after military interregnum. Democratic consolidation largely depends on the character and conduct of the country’s political parties, and the paper interrogates the extent to which they have shaped or stagnated democracy. This study adopts elite theory as framework, and was predicated on historical design. Data gathered were textually analysed. With a reliance on secondary data such as books, journals and internet materials, the interplay between political parties and democratic consolidation was x-rayed. The challenges to democratic consolidation in the period of study (absence of well-institutionalised political parties, godfatherism, and lack of internal democracy) are observable. This research recommends the overhauling of political parties in order to correct the current state of party politics and democratic practice.
References
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Akubo, A. A. and Yakubu, A. U (2014). Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration. Vol.2, No.3, pp. 79-108.
Aleyomi, M. B. (2013). Intra-party conflicts in Nigeria: The case study of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 15(4), 281-296.
Amusan, L. (2011) Intra-Politics and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Five Decades of Undue Journey. Ibadan: Codat Publication
Awofeso, O., Obah-Akpowoghaha, N.G., and Ogunmilade, A. (2017). The effect of Intra-party Conflict Management Mechanism on Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Developing Country Studies, 7(7), 96-102.
Ayoade, J .A.A (2006) “Godfather Politics in Nigeria” in Money, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria, published by IFES 78-87.
Ayoade, J.A. (2008). “Godfather Politics in Nigeria” in Victor A. O. Adetula (Eds). Money and Politics in Nigeria. Abuja: Petra Digital Press, 85-96.
Babayo S. and Muhammad A. (2019). Internal Democracy and Nigerian Political Parties: The Case of the All Progressive Congress (APC). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Review. Vol.4, No. 1.
Dode, R.O (2010). Political Parties and the Prospects of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: 1999-2006. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, Vol. 4(5), pp. 188-194.
Echem, M. (2014). Democracy and Human Rights Abuse in Nigeria. Retrieved on 11th June 2014 from https://www.ciorg.inp/index.
Erunke, C.E (2012). Reconsolidating Democratic Governance in Nigeria: Analysis and Suggestions. African Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2(2), pp. 67-73.
Ette, M (2013). The Press and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges. Retrieved on 11th November 2013 from http://eprints/hud/ac.uk/id/eprints/18259.
Haralambos, M. and Heald R.M. (1999). Sociology: Theories and Perspectives (Nineteenth Impression) Oxford: University Press.
Heywood, A. (2002). Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
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Ikelegbe, A. (2013). Political Parties and Violence Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organized by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June, 2013
Isakpa, P.P. (2008). Political Parties and the Nigeria’s Constitution. Zaria: ABU Press.
Johari, J. C. (2008). Principles of Modern Political Science. India: Sterling Publishers, PVT Ltd.
Kura, S. B. (2008). African Ruling Political Parties and the Making of ‘Authoritarian' Democracies: Extending the Frontiers of Social Justice in Nigeria. African Journal on Conflict Resolution, 8(2), 63-101.
Kura, S. Y. B. (2011). Political parties and democracy in Nigeria: candidate selection, campaign and party financing in People’s Democratic Party. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(6), 268-298.
Likoti, F.J. (2005). Investigating Intra-Party Democracy in Lesotho: Focus on Basutoland Congress Party and Basuto National Party. EISA Occasional Paper Series, No 39, December.
Michael B, A. (2013). Intra-Party Conflicts in Nigeria; The case study of People’s Democratic Party (PDP) Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. 15. 281-296
Mike O. (2016). An Assessment of Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. European Journal Research in Social Science, Vol.1, No.1 pp. 34-50.
Momodu, A. J., & Matudi, G. I. (2013). The implications of Intra party conflicts on Nigeria’s democratisation. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 13(6), 1-13.
Momoh, A. (2013). Party System and Democracy in Nigeria being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organised by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013
Obah-Akpowoghaha, N. G. (2013). “Assessment of the Impact of Political Recruitment on Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria, 1999-2007”, M. Sc. Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State.
Obah-Akpowoghaha, N. G. (2013a). ‘‘Party Politics and the Challenges of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.3, No.16. 71-82.
Ogbe, A. (2004). “Four Year of Civil Rule: The PDP Perspective” in Saliu, H.A (Ed) Nigeria under Democratic Rule 1999-2003, Vol.1, Ibadan: University Press Ltd.
Ogundiya, I. S. (2009). “A Decade of Democratic Governance in Nigeria” in Ogundiya, I. S. et al (Eds) A Decade of Re-democratization in Nigeria (1999-2009). Ibadan: Ayayayugu Publishers.
Ojo. E.E and Lawal E.E. (2013). “Godfather Politics: The collapse of the Saraki Dynastic in Kwara State Politics” in John A. Ayoade and Adeoye A. Akinsanya (Eds) Nigeria’s Critical Election 2011 (Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books).
Okeke, R. C. (2015). Democratic consolidation in Nigeria: Progress and challenges. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter), 5(5), 21.
Okoli, A.C. and Gusau,A.S.(2013).“Political Ideas”, Lecture Mimeograph, Departmentof Political Sci ence, Federal University, Lafia.
Omotola J, S. (2010). Political Parties and Quest for Political Stability in Nigeria, Taiwan Journal of Democracy. Vol.6 No.2. 125-145
Omotola, J.S. (2008). “Impeachment Threats and Nigeria’s Democracy” in Ojo, E.O (Ed) Challenges of Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archers.
Omotola, J.S. (2009). “Nigerian Parties and Political Ideology” in Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences. Vol 1, No 3, 612-634.
Orji, N. (2013). Political Parties, Civil Society and Democracy in Nigeria Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organized by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013.
Osabiya, B.J (2015). ‘’Political Parties and Democratic Governance in Africa: A Case Study of Political Party in Nigeria (PDP) From 1999-2015’’. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Science. 11(2), pp. 163-168.
Ovwasa O, L. and Abdullahi M, (2017). Democratic Transition in Nigeria; Trends and Prospects since 1999. International Journal of Politics and Good Governance. Vol. 8.
Pogoson, A.I. (2013). Women, Political Parties and Exclusion in Nigeria: 1999-2012 Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organized by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013.
Przeworski, A. (1991). Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Simbine, A. T. (2013). Single Party Dominance and Democracy in Nigeria: The Peoples Democratic Party Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organised by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013
Simbine, A.T. (2004). “Impact of More Parties on Democratic Project” in Saliu, H.A (ed) Nigeria Under Democratic Rule 1999-2003. Ibadan: University Press Ltd.
Simbine, A.T. (2005). “Political Vagrancy and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria”, in Onu, G. and Momoh, A. (eds.) Elections and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria, Lagos: Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA). pp. 17 – 33.
Varma, S.P. (2006). Modern Political Theory. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd, 143-173.
Yagboyaju, D. A. (2012). Party System, Democratization and National Development in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: An Appraisal of the Interconnections. Business and Management Journal Vol.1 (2), pp. 54-61.
Adebayo, P.F. (2008) “Political Parties: Formation, Development, Performance and Prospects” in Ojo, E.O (Ed) Challenges of Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archers.
Adejumobi, S., & Kehinde, M. (2007). Building democracy without democrats?: Political Parties and Threats of Democratic Reversal in Nigeria. Journal of African Elections, 6(2), 95-113.
Ademola, A. (2011). Endangering Good Governance for Sustainable Democracy: The Continuing Struggle against Corruption in Nigeria. Journal of Research on Peace, Gender and Development. 1(11). December. Pp- 307-314.
Adetula, V.A.O and Adeyi, E.M. (2013) ‘‘ Money, Parties and Democracy in Nigeria’’ Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organised by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26028 June, 2013.
Akubo, A. A. and Yakubu, A. U (2014). Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Global Journal of Political Science and Administration. Vol.2, No.3, pp. 79-108.
Aleyomi, M. B. (2013). Intra-party conflicts in Nigeria: The case study of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP). Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 15(4), 281-296.
Amusan, L. (2011) Intra-Politics and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Five Decades of Undue Journey. Ibadan: Codat Publication
Awofeso, O., Obah-Akpowoghaha, N.G., and Ogunmilade, A. (2017). The effect of Intra-party Conflict Management Mechanism on Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Developing Country Studies, 7(7), 96-102.
Ayoade, J .A.A (2006) “Godfather Politics in Nigeria” in Money, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria, published by IFES 78-87.
Ayoade, J.A. (2008). “Godfather Politics in Nigeria” in Victor A. O. Adetula (Eds). Money and Politics in Nigeria. Abuja: Petra Digital Press, 85-96.
Babayo S. and Muhammad A. (2019). Internal Democracy and Nigerian Political Parties: The Case of the All Progressive Congress (APC). Qualitative and Quantitative Research Review. Vol.4, No. 1.
Dode, R.O (2010). Political Parties and the Prospects of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: 1999-2006. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, Vol. 4(5), pp. 188-194.
Echem, M. (2014). Democracy and Human Rights Abuse in Nigeria. Retrieved on 11th June 2014 from https://www.ciorg.inp/index.
Erunke, C.E (2012). Reconsolidating Democratic Governance in Nigeria: Analysis and Suggestions. African Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 2(2), pp. 67-73.
Ette, M (2013). The Press and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges. Retrieved on 11th November 2013 from http://eprints/hud/ac.uk/id/eprints/18259.
Haralambos, M. and Heald R.M. (1999). Sociology: Theories and Perspectives (Nineteenth Impression) Oxford: University Press.
Heywood, A. (2002). Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
Huntington, S.P. (1991). The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
Ikelegbe, A. (2013). Political Parties and Violence Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organized by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June, 2013
Isakpa, P.P. (2008). Political Parties and the Nigeria’s Constitution. Zaria: ABU Press.
Johari, J. C. (2008). Principles of Modern Political Science. India: Sterling Publishers, PVT Ltd.
Kura, S. B. (2008). African Ruling Political Parties and the Making of ‘Authoritarian' Democracies: Extending the Frontiers of Social Justice in Nigeria. African Journal on Conflict Resolution, 8(2), 63-101.
Kura, S. Y. B. (2011). Political parties and democracy in Nigeria: candidate selection, campaign and party financing in People’s Democratic Party. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(6), 268-298.
Likoti, F.J. (2005). Investigating Intra-Party Democracy in Lesotho: Focus on Basutoland Congress Party and Basuto National Party. EISA Occasional Paper Series, No 39, December.
Michael B, A. (2013). Intra-Party Conflicts in Nigeria; The case study of People’s Democratic Party (PDP) Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa. 15. 281-296
Mike O. (2016). An Assessment of Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. European Journal Research in Social Science, Vol.1, No.1 pp. 34-50.
Momodu, A. J., & Matudi, G. I. (2013). The implications of Intra party conflicts on Nigeria’s democratisation. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 13(6), 1-13.
Momoh, A. (2013). Party System and Democracy in Nigeria being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organised by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013
Obah-Akpowoghaha, N. G. (2013). “Assessment of the Impact of Political Recruitment on Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria, 1999-2007”, M. Sc. Thesis, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State.
Obah-Akpowoghaha, N. G. (2013a). ‘‘Party Politics and the Challenges of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. Vol.3, No.16. 71-82.
Ogbe, A. (2004). “Four Year of Civil Rule: The PDP Perspective” in Saliu, H.A (Ed) Nigeria under Democratic Rule 1999-2003, Vol.1, Ibadan: University Press Ltd.
Ogundiya, I. S. (2009). “A Decade of Democratic Governance in Nigeria” in Ogundiya, I. S. et al (Eds) A Decade of Re-democratization in Nigeria (1999-2009). Ibadan: Ayayayugu Publishers.
Ojo. E.E and Lawal E.E. (2013). “Godfather Politics: The collapse of the Saraki Dynastic in Kwara State Politics” in John A. Ayoade and Adeoye A. Akinsanya (Eds) Nigeria’s Critical Election 2011 (Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books).
Okeke, R. C. (2015). Democratic consolidation in Nigeria: Progress and challenges. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (OMAN Chapter), 5(5), 21.
Okoli, A.C. and Gusau,A.S.(2013).“Political Ideas”, Lecture Mimeograph, Departmentof Political Sci ence, Federal University, Lafia.
Omotola J, S. (2010). Political Parties and Quest for Political Stability in Nigeria, Taiwan Journal of Democracy. Vol.6 No.2. 125-145
Omotola, J.S. (2008). “Impeachment Threats and Nigeria’s Democracy” in Ojo, E.O (Ed) Challenges of Sustainable Democracy in Nigeria. Ibadan: John Archers.
Omotola, J.S. (2009). “Nigerian Parties and Political Ideology” in Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences. Vol 1, No 3, 612-634.
Orji, N. (2013). Political Parties, Civil Society and Democracy in Nigeria Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organized by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013.
Osabiya, B.J (2015). ‘’Political Parties and Democratic Governance in Africa: A Case Study of Political Party in Nigeria (PDP) From 1999-2015’’. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Science. 11(2), pp. 163-168.
Ovwasa O, L. and Abdullahi M, (2017). Democratic Transition in Nigeria; Trends and Prospects since 1999. International Journal of Politics and Good Governance. Vol. 8.
Pogoson, A.I. (2013). Women, Political Parties and Exclusion in Nigeria: 1999-2012 Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organized by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013.
Przeworski, A. (1991). Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reform in Eastern Europe and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Simbine, A. T. (2013). Single Party Dominance and Democracy in Nigeria: The Peoples Democratic Party Being a paper presented at National Conference on Political Parties and the Future of Democracy in Nigeria, organised by the National Institute for Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru, in collaboration with the Democracy and Governance Development Project (DGD) II of UNDP, 26-28 June 2013
Simbine, A.T. (2004). “Impact of More Parties on Democratic Project” in Saliu, H.A (ed) Nigeria Under Democratic Rule 1999-2003. Ibadan: University Press Ltd.
Simbine, A.T. (2005). “Political Vagrancy and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria”, in Onu, G. and Momoh, A. (eds.) Elections and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria, Lagos: Nigerian Political Science Association (NPSA). pp. 17 – 33.
Varma, S.P. (2006). Modern Political Theory. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House PVT Ltd, 143-173.
Yagboyaju, D. A. (2012). Party System, Democratization and National Development in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: An Appraisal of the Interconnections. Business and Management Journal Vol.1 (2), pp. 54-61.
Published
2020-11-20
How to Cite
Musa, D., Ibietan, J., & Deinde-Adedeji, O. (2020). Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: Elite Theory Explanation: Array. Acta Universitatis Danubius. Relationes Internationales, 13(2). Retrieved from https://dj.univ-danubius.ro/index.php/AUDRI/article/view/633
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